Fix panic when unmarshaling into a map twice (#854)

Fixes #851

.gitattributes

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 * text=auto
 
 benchmark/benchmark.toml text eol=lf
+testdata/** text eol=lf

.github/workflows/cifuzz.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: CIFuzz
+on: [pull_request]
+jobs:
+  Fuzzing:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Build Fuzzers
+      id: build
+      uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
+      with:
+        oss-fuzz-project-name: 'go-toml'
+        dry-run: false
+        language: go
+    - name: Run Fuzzers
+      uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
+      with:
+        oss-fuzz-project-name: 'go-toml'
+        fuzz-seconds: 300
+        dry-run: false
+        language: go
+    - name: Upload Crash
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
+      with:
+        name: artifacts
+        path: ./out/artifacts

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
     name: report
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@master
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: 1.18
+          go-version: "1.20"
       - name: Run tests with coverage
         run: ./ci.sh coverage -d "${GITHUB_BASE_REF-HEAD}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -16,21 +16,21 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: 1.18
+          go-version: "1.20"
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v3
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser
           version: latest

.github/workflows/workflow.yml

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ 'ubuntu-latest', 'windows-latest', 'macos-latest']
-        go: [ '1.17', '1.18' ]
+        go: [ '1.19', '1.20' ]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.go }}/${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup go ${{ matrix.go }}
-        uses: actions/setup-go@master
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
       - name: Run unit tests

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ builds:
     mod_timestamp: '{{ .CommitTimestamp }}'
     targets:
       - linux_amd64
+      - linux_arm64
+      - linux_arm
       - windows_amd64
+      - windows_arm64
+      - windows_arm
       - darwin_amd64
       - darwin_arm64
   - id: tomljson
@@ -31,7 +35,11 @@ builds:
     mod_timestamp: '{{ .CommitTimestamp }}'
     targets:
       - linux_amd64
+      - linux_arm64
+      - linux_arm
       - windows_amd64
+      - windows_arm64
+      - windows_arm
       - darwin_amd64
       - darwin_arm64
   - id: jsontoml
@@ -46,7 +54,11 @@ builds:
     mod_timestamp: '{{ .CommitTimestamp }}'
     targets:
       - linux_amd64
+      - linux_arm64
+      - linux_arm
       - windows_amd64
+      - windows_arm64
+      - windows_arm
       - darwin_amd64
       - darwin_arm64
 universal_binaries:

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2013 - 2021 Thomas Pelletier, Eric Anderton
+Copyright (c) 2013 - 2022 Thomas Pelletier, Eric Anderton
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

README.md

@@ -4,17 +4,6 @@ Go library for the [TOML](https://toml.io/en/) format.
 
 This library supports [TOML v1.0.0](https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0).
 
-## Development status
-
-This is the upcoming major version of go-toml. It is currently in active
-development. As of release v2.0.0-beta.1, the library has reached feature parity
-with v1, and fixes a lot known bugs and performance issues along the way.
-
-If you do not need the advanced document editing features of v1, you are
-encouraged to try out this version.
-
-[👉 Roadmap for v2](https://github.com/pelletier/go-toml/discussions/506)
-
 [🐞 Bug Reports](https://github.com/pelletier/go-toml/issues)
 
 [💬 Anything else](https://github.com/pelletier/go-toml/discussions)
@@ -49,7 +38,7 @@ operations should not be shockingly slow. See [benchmarks](#benchmarks).
 ### Strict mode
 
 `Decoder` can be set to "strict mode", which makes it error when some parts of
-the TOML document was not prevent in the target structure. This is a great way
+the TOML document was not present in the target structure. This is a great way
 to check for typos. [See example in the documentation][strict].
 
 [strict]: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2#example-Decoder.DisallowUnknownFields
@@ -151,6 +140,17 @@ fmt.Println(string(b))
 
 [marshal]: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2#Marshal
 
+## Unstable API
+
+This API does not yet follow the backward compatibility guarantees of this
+library. They provide early access to features that may have rough edges or an
+API subject to change.
+
+### Parser
+
+Parser is the unstable API that allows iterative parsing of a TOML document at
+the AST level. See https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable.
+
 ## Benchmarks
 
 Execution time speedup compared to other Go TOML libraries:
@@ -161,11 +161,11 @@ Execution time speedup compared to other Go TOML libraries:
     </thead>
     <tbody>
         <tr><td>Marshal/HugoFrontMatter-2</td><td>1.9x</td><td>1.9x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Marshal/ReferenceFile/map-2</td><td>1.7x</td><td>1.9x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Marshal/ReferenceFile/struct-2</td><td>2.4x</td><td>2.6x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Unmarshal/HugoFrontMatter-2</td><td>2.9x</td><td>2.5x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Unmarshal/ReferenceFile/map-2</td><td>2.7x</td><td>2.6x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Unmarshal/ReferenceFile/struct-2</td><td>4.8x</td><td>5.1x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Marshal/ReferenceFile/map-2</td><td>1.7x</td><td>1.8x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Marshal/ReferenceFile/struct-2</td><td>2.2x</td><td>2.5x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Unmarshal/HugoFrontMatter-2</td><td>2.9x</td><td>2.9x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Unmarshal/ReferenceFile/map-2</td><td>2.6x</td><td>2.9x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Unmarshal/ReferenceFile/struct-2</td><td>4.4x</td><td>5.3x</td></tr>
      </tbody>
 </table>
 <details><summary>See more</summary>
@@ -178,17 +178,17 @@ provided for completeness.</p>
         <tr><th>Benchmark</th><th>go-toml v1</th><th>BurntSushi/toml</th></tr>
     </thead>
     <tbody>
-        <tr><td>Marshal/SimpleDocument/map-2</td><td>1.7x</td><td>2.1x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Marshal/SimpleDocument/struct-2</td><td>2.5x</td><td>2.8x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Unmarshal/SimpleDocument/map-2</td><td>4.1x</td><td>3.1x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>Unmarshal/SimpleDocument/struct-2</td><td>6.4x</td><td>4.3x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/example-2</td><td>3.4x</td><td>3.2x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/code-2</td><td>2.2x</td><td>2.5x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/twitter-2</td><td>2.8x</td><td>2.7x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/citm_catalog-2</td><td>2.2x</td><td>2.0x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/canada-2</td><td>1.8x</td><td>1.4x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/config-2</td><td>4.4x</td><td>2.9x</td></tr>
-        <tr><td>[Geo mean]</td><td>2.8x</td><td>2.6x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Marshal/SimpleDocument/map-2</td><td>1.8x</td><td>2.9x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Marshal/SimpleDocument/struct-2</td><td>2.7x</td><td>4.2x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Unmarshal/SimpleDocument/map-2</td><td>4.5x</td><td>3.1x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>Unmarshal/SimpleDocument/struct-2</td><td>6.2x</td><td>3.9x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/example-2</td><td>3.1x</td><td>3.5x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/code-2</td><td>2.3x</td><td>3.1x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/twitter-2</td><td>2.5x</td><td>2.6x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/citm_catalog-2</td><td>2.1x</td><td>2.2x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/canada-2</td><td>1.6x</td><td>1.3x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>UnmarshalDataset/config-2</td><td>4.3x</td><td>3.2x</td></tr>
+        <tr><td>[Geo mean]</td><td>2.7x</td><td>2.8x</td></tr>
      </tbody>
 </table>
 <p>This table can be generated with <code>./ci.sh benchmark -a -html</code>.</p>
@@ -551,6 +551,13 @@ complete solutions exist out there.
 [query]: https://github.com/pelletier/go-toml/tree/f99d6bbca119636aeafcf351ee52b3d202782627/query
 [dasel]: https://github.com/TomWright/dasel
 
+## Versioning
+
+Go-toml follows [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org). The supported version
+of [TOML](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml) is indicated at the beginning of
+this document. The last two major versions of Go are supported
+(see [Go Release Policy](https://golang.org/doc/devel/release.html#policy)).
+
 ## License
 
 The MIT License (MIT). Read [LICENSE](LICENSE).

ci.sh

@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ cover() {
     fi
 
     pushd "$dir"
-    go test -covermode=atomic -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
+    go test -covermode=atomic  -coverpkg=./... -coverprofile=coverage.out.tmp ./...
+    cat coverage.out.tmp | grep -v testsuite | grep -v tomltestgen | grep -v gotoml-test-decoder > coverage.out
     go tool cover -func=coverage.out
     popd
 
@@ -103,16 +104,23 @@ coverage() {
 
 	    echo ""
 
-	    target_pct="$(cat ${target_out} |sed -E 's/.*total.*\t([0-9.]+)%/\1/;t;d')"
-	    head_pct="$(cat ${head_out} |sed -E 's/.*total.*\t([0-9.]+)%/\1/;t;d')"
+	    target_pct="$(tail -n2 ${target_out} | head -n1 | sed -E 's/.*total.*\t([0-9.]+)%.*/\1/')"
+	    head_pct="$(tail -n2 ${head_out} | head -n1 | sed -E 's/.*total.*\t([0-9.]+)%/\1/')"
 	    echo "Results: ${target} ${target_pct}% HEAD ${head_pct}%"
 
 	    delta_pct=$(echo "$head_pct - $target_pct" | bc -l)
 	    echo "Delta: ${delta_pct}"
 
 	    if [[ $delta_pct = \-* ]]; then
-		echo "Regression!";
-		return 1
+		    echo "Regression!";
+
+            target_diff="${output_dir}/target.diff.txt"
+            head_diff="${output_dir}/head.diff.txt"
+            cat "${target_out}" | grep -E '^github.com/pelletier/go-toml' | tr -s "\t " | cut -f 2,3 | sort > "${target_diff}"
+            cat "${head_out}" | grep -E '^github.com/pelletier/go-toml' | tr -s "\t " | cut -f 2,3 | sort > "${head_diff}"
+
+            diff --side-by-side --suppress-common-lines "${target_diff}" "${head_diff}"
+		    return 1
 	    fi
 	    return 0
 	    ;;

cmd/jsontoml/main.go

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 // Package jsontoml is a program that converts JSON to TOML.
 //
-// Usage
+// # Usage
 //
 // Reading from stdin:
 //
-//   cat file.json | jsontoml > file.toml
+//	cat file.json | jsontoml > file.toml
 //
 // Reading from a file:
 //
-//   jsontoml file.json > file.toml
+//	jsontoml file.json > file.toml
 //
-// Installation
+// # Installation
 //
 // Using Go:
 //
-//   go install github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/cmd/jsontoml@latest
+//	go install github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/cmd/jsontoml@latest
 package main
 
 import (

cmd/jsontoml/main_test.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ func TestConvert(t *testing.T) {
 }`,
 			expected: `[mytoml]
 a = 42.0
-
 `,
 		},
 		{

cmd/tomljson/main.go

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 // Package tomljson is a program that converts TOML to JSON.
 //
-// Usage
+// # Usage
 //
 // Reading from stdin:
 //
-//   cat file.toml | tomljson > file.json
+//	cat file.toml | tomljson > file.json
 //
 // Reading from a file:
 //
-//   tomljson file.toml > file.json
+//	tomljson file.toml > file.json
 //
-// Installation
+// # Installation
 //
 // Using Go:
 //
-//   go install github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/cmd/tomljson@latest
+//	go install github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/cmd/tomljson@latest
 package main
 
 import (

cmd/tomll/main.go

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 // Package tomll is a linter program for TOML.
 //
-// Usage
+// # Usage
 //
 // Reading from stdin, writing to stdout:
 //
-//   cat file.toml | tomll
+//	cat file.toml | tomll
 //
 // Reading and updating a list of files in place:
 //
-//   tomll a.toml b.toml c.toml
+//	tomll a.toml b.toml c.toml
 //
-// Installation
+// # Installation
 //
 // Using Go:
 //
-//   go install github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/cmd/tomll@latest
+//	go install github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/cmd/tomll@latest
 package main
 
 import (

cmd/tomll/main_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ mytoml.a = 42.0
 `,
 			expected: `[mytoml]
 a = 42.0
-
 `,
 		},
 		{

cmd/tomltestgen/main.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //
 // Within the go-toml package, run `go generate`.  Otherwise, use:
 //
-//     go run github.com/pelletier/go-toml/cmd/tomltestgen -o toml_testgen_test.go
+//	go run github.com/pelletier/go-toml/cmd/tomltestgen -o toml_testgen_test.go
 package main
 
 import (

decode.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 )
 
 func parseInteger(b []byte) (int64, error) {
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ func parseLocalDate(b []byte) (LocalDate, error) {
 	var date LocalDate
 
 	if len(b) != 10 || b[4] != '-' || b[7] != '-' {
-		return date, newDecodeError(b, "dates are expected to have the format YYYY-MM-DD")
+		return date, unstable.NewParserError(b, "dates are expected to have the format YYYY-MM-DD")
 	}
 
 	var err error
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ func parseLocalDate(b []byte) (LocalDate, error) {
 	}
 
 	if !isValidDate(date.Year, date.Month, date.Day) {
-		return LocalDate{}, newDecodeError(b, "impossible date")
+		return LocalDate{}, unstable.NewParserError(b, "impossible date")
 	}
 
 	return date, nil
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ func parseDecimalDigits(b []byte) (int, error) {
 
 	for i, c := range b {
 		if c < '0' || c > '9' {
-			return 0, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "expected digit (0-9)")
+			return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "expected digit (0-9)")
 		}
 		v *= 10
 		v += int(c - '0')
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ func parseDateTime(b []byte) (time.Time, error) {
 	} else {
 		const dateTimeByteLen = 6
 		if len(b) != dateTimeByteLen {
-			return time.Time{}, newDecodeError(b, "invalid date-time timezone")
+			return time.Time{}, unstable.NewParserError(b, "invalid date-time timezone")
 		}
 		var direction int
 		switch b[0] {
@@ -106,11 +108,11 @@ func parseDateTime(b []byte) (time.Time, error) {
 		case '+':
 			direction = +1
 		default:
-			return time.Time{}, newDecodeError(b[:1], "invalid timezone offset character")
+			return time.Time{}, unstable.NewParserError(b[:1], "invalid timezone offset character")
 		}
 
 		if b[3] != ':' {
-			return time.Time{}, newDecodeError(b[3:4], "expected a : separator")
+			return time.Time{}, unstable.NewParserError(b[3:4], "expected a : separator")
 		}
 
 		hours, err := parseDecimalDigits(b[1:3])
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ func parseDateTime(b []byte) (time.Time, error) {
 			return time.Time{}, err
 		}
 		if hours > 23 {
-			return time.Time{}, newDecodeError(b[:1], "invalid timezone offset hours")
+			return time.Time{}, unstable.NewParserError(b[:1], "invalid timezone offset hours")
 		}
 
 		minutes, err := parseDecimalDigits(b[4:6])
@@ -126,16 +128,20 @@ func parseDateTime(b []byte) (time.Time, error) {
 			return time.Time{}, err
 		}
 		if minutes > 59 {
-			return time.Time{}, newDecodeError(b[:1], "invalid timezone offset minutes")
+			return time.Time{}, unstable.NewParserError(b[:1], "invalid timezone offset minutes")
 		}
 
 		seconds := direction * (hours*3600 + minutes*60)
-		zone = time.FixedZone("", seconds)
+		if seconds == 0 {
+			zone = time.UTC
+		} else {
+			zone = time.FixedZone("", seconds)
+		}
 		b = b[dateTimeByteLen:]
 	}
 
 	if len(b) > 0 {
-		return time.Time{}, newDecodeError(b, "extra bytes at the end of the timezone")
+		return time.Time{}, unstable.NewParserError(b, "extra bytes at the end of the timezone")
 	}
 
 	t := time.Date(
@@ -156,7 +162,7 @@ func parseLocalDateTime(b []byte) (LocalDateTime, []byte, error) {
 
 	const localDateTimeByteMinLen = 11
 	if len(b) < localDateTimeByteMinLen {
-		return dt, nil, newDecodeError(b, "local datetimes are expected to have the format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.NNNNNNNNN]")
+		return dt, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b, "local datetimes are expected to have the format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.NNNNNNNNN]")
 	}
 
 	date, err := parseLocalDate(b[:10])
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@ func parseLocalDateTime(b []byte) (LocalDateTime, []byte, error) {
 
 	sep := b[10]
 	if sep != 'T' && sep != ' ' && sep != 't' {
-		return dt, nil, newDecodeError(b[10:11], "datetime separator is expected to be T or a space")
+		return dt, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[10:11], "datetime separator is expected to be T or a space")
 	}
 
 	t, rest, err := parseLocalTime(b[11:])
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ func parseLocalTime(b []byte) (LocalTime, []byte, error) {
 	// check if b matches to have expected format HH:MM:SS[.NNNNNN]
 	const localTimeByteLen = 8
 	if len(b) < localTimeByteLen {
-		return t, nil, newDecodeError(b, "times are expected to have the format HH:MM:SS[.NNNNNN]")
+		return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b, "times are expected to have the format HH:MM:SS[.NNNNNN]")
 	}
 
 	var err error
@@ -202,10 +208,10 @@ func parseLocalTime(b []byte) (LocalTime, []byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	if t.Hour > 23 {
-		return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[0:2], "hour cannot be greater 23")
+		return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[0:2], "hour cannot be greater 23")
 	}
 	if b[2] != ':' {
-		return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[2:3], "expecting colon between hours and minutes")
+		return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[2:3], "expecting colon between hours and minutes")
 	}
 
 	t.Minute, err = parseDecimalDigits(b[3:5])
@@ -213,10 +219,10 @@ func parseLocalTime(b []byte) (LocalTime, []byte, error) {
 		return t, nil, err
 	}
 	if t.Minute > 59 {
-		return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[3:5], "minutes cannot be greater 59")
+		return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[3:5], "minutes cannot be greater 59")
 	}
 	if b[5] != ':' {
-		return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[5:6], "expecting colon between minutes and seconds")
+		return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[5:6], "expecting colon between minutes and seconds")
 	}
 
 	t.Second, err = parseDecimalDigits(b[6:8])
@@ -225,7 +231,7 @@ func parseLocalTime(b []byte) (LocalTime, []byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	if t.Second > 60 {
-		return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[6:8], "seconds cannot be greater 60")
+		return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[6:8], "seconds cannot be greater 60")
 	}
 
 	b = b[8:]
@@ -238,7 +244,7 @@ func parseLocalTime(b []byte) (LocalTime, []byte, error) {
 		for i, c := range b[1:] {
 			if !isDigit(c) {
 				if i == 0 {
-					return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "need at least one digit after fraction point")
+					return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[0:1], "need at least one digit after fraction point")
 				}
 				break
 			}
@@ -262,7 +268,7 @@ func parseLocalTime(b []byte) (LocalTime, []byte, error) {
 		}
 
 		if precision == 0 {
-			return t, nil, newDecodeError(b[:1], "nanoseconds need at least one digit")
+			return t, nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[:1], "nanoseconds need at least one digit")
 		}
 
 		t.Nanosecond = frac * nspow[precision]
@@ -285,24 +291,24 @@ func parseFloat(b []byte) (float64, error) {
 	}
 
 	if cleaned[0] == '.' {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "float cannot start with a dot")
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "float cannot start with a dot")
 	}
 
 	if cleaned[len(cleaned)-1] == '.' {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "float cannot end with a dot")
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "float cannot end with a dot")
 	}
 
 	dotAlreadySeen := false
 	for i, c := range cleaned {
 		if c == '.' {
 			if dotAlreadySeen {
-				return 0, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "float can have at most one decimal point")
+				return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "float can have at most one decimal point")
 			}
 			if !isDigit(cleaned[i-1]) {
-				return 0, newDecodeError(b[i-1:i+1], "float decimal point must be preceded by a digit")
+				return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b[i-1:i+1], "float decimal point must be preceded by a digit")
 			}
 			if !isDigit(cleaned[i+1]) {
-				return 0, newDecodeError(b[i:i+2], "float decimal point must be followed by a digit")
+				return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b[i:i+2], "float decimal point must be followed by a digit")
 			}
 			dotAlreadySeen = true
 		}
@@ -313,12 +319,12 @@ func parseFloat(b []byte) (float64, error) {
 		start = 1
 	}
 	if cleaned[start] == '0' && isDigit(cleaned[start+1]) {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "float integer part cannot have leading zeroes")
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "float integer part cannot have leading zeroes")
 	}
 
 	f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(string(cleaned), 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "unable to parse float: %w", err)
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "unable to parse float: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return f, nil
@@ -332,7 +338,7 @@ func parseIntHex(b []byte) (int64, error) {
 
 	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(cleaned), 16, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "couldn't parse hexadecimal number: %w", err)
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "couldn't parse hexadecimal number: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return i, nil
@@ -346,7 +352,7 @@ func parseIntOct(b []byte) (int64, error) {
 
 	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(cleaned), 8, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "couldn't parse octal number: %w", err)
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "couldn't parse octal number: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return i, nil
@@ -360,7 +366,7 @@ func parseIntBin(b []byte) (int64, error) {
 
 	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(cleaned), 2, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "couldn't parse binary number: %w", err)
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "couldn't parse binary number: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return i, nil
@@ -383,12 +389,12 @@ func parseIntDec(b []byte) (int64, error) {
 	}
 
 	if len(cleaned) > startIdx+1 && cleaned[startIdx] == '0' {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "leading zero not allowed on decimal number")
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "leading zero not allowed on decimal number")
 	}
 
 	i, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(cleaned), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, newDecodeError(b, "couldn't parse decimal number: %w", err)
+		return 0, unstable.NewParserError(b, "couldn't parse decimal number: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return i, nil
@@ -405,11 +411,11 @@ func checkAndRemoveUnderscoresIntegers(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	if b[start] == '_' {
-		return nil, newDecodeError(b[start:start+1], "number cannot start with underscore")
+		return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[start:start+1], "number cannot start with underscore")
 	}
 
 	if b[len(b)-1] == '_' {
-		return nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b)-1:], "number cannot end with underscore")
+		return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[len(b)-1:], "number cannot end with underscore")
 	}
 
 	// fast path
@@ -431,7 +437,7 @@ func checkAndRemoveUnderscoresIntegers(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		c := b[i]
 		if c == '_' {
 			if !before {
-				return nil, newDecodeError(b[i-1:i+1], "number must have at least one digit between underscores")
+				return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[i-1:i+1], "number must have at least one digit between underscores")
 			}
 			before = false
 		} else {
@@ -445,11 +451,11 @@ func checkAndRemoveUnderscoresIntegers(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 
 func checkAndRemoveUnderscoresFloats(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if b[0] == '_' {
-		return nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "number cannot start with underscore")
+		return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[0:1], "number cannot start with underscore")
 	}
 
 	if b[len(b)-1] == '_' {
-		return nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b)-1:], "number cannot end with underscore")
+		return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[len(b)-1:], "number cannot end with underscore")
 	}
 
 	// fast path
@@ -472,10 +478,10 @@ func checkAndRemoveUnderscoresFloats(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		switch c {
 		case '_':
 			if !before {
-				return nil, newDecodeError(b[i-1:i+1], "number must have at least one digit between underscores")
+				return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[i-1:i+1], "number must have at least one digit between underscores")
 			}
 			if i < len(b)-1 && (b[i+1] == 'e' || b[i+1] == 'E') {
-				return nil, newDecodeError(b[i+1:i+2], "cannot have underscore before exponent")
+				return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[i+1:i+2], "cannot have underscore before exponent")
 			}
 			before = false
 		case '+', '-':
@@ -484,15 +490,15 @@ func checkAndRemoveUnderscoresFloats(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 			before = false
 		case 'e', 'E':
 			if i < len(b)-1 && b[i+1] == '_' {
-				return nil, newDecodeError(b[i+1:i+2], "cannot have underscore after exponent")
+				return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[i+1:i+2], "cannot have underscore after exponent")
 			}
 			cleaned = append(cleaned, c)
 		case '.':
 			if i < len(b)-1 && b[i+1] == '_' {
-				return nil, newDecodeError(b[i+1:i+2], "cannot have underscore after decimal point")
+				return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[i+1:i+2], "cannot have underscore after decimal point")
 			}
 			if i > 0 && b[i-1] == '_' {
-				return nil, newDecodeError(b[i-1:i], "cannot have underscore before decimal point")
+				return nil, unstable.NewParserError(b[i-1:i], "cannot have underscore before decimal point")
 			}
 			cleaned = append(cleaned, c)
 		default:
@@ -538,3 +544,7 @@ func daysIn(m int, year int) int {
 func isLeap(year int) bool {
 	return year%4 == 0 && (year%100 != 0 || year%400 == 0)
 }
+
+func isDigit(r byte) bool {
+	return r >= '0' && r <= '9'
+}

errors.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/danger"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 )
 
 // DecodeError represents an error encountered during the parsing or decoding
@@ -55,25 +56,6 @@ func (s *StrictMissingError) String() string {
 
 type Key []string
 
-// internal version of DecodeError that is used as the base to create a
-// DecodeError with full context.
-type decodeError struct {
-	highlight []byte
-	message   string
-	key       Key // optional
-}
-
-func (de *decodeError) Error() string {
-	return de.message
-}
-
-func newDecodeError(highlight []byte, format string, args ...interface{}) error {
-	return &decodeError{
-		highlight: highlight,
-		message:   fmt.Errorf(format, args...).Error(),
-	}
-}
-
 // Error returns the error message contained in the DecodeError.
 func (e *DecodeError) Error() string {
 	return "toml: " + e.message
@@ -103,13 +85,14 @@ func (e *DecodeError) Key() Key {
 //
 // The function copies all bytes used in DecodeError, so that document and
 // highlight can be freely deallocated.
+//
 //nolint:funlen
-func wrapDecodeError(document []byte, de *decodeError) *DecodeError {
-	offset := danger.SubsliceOffset(document, de.highlight)
+func wrapDecodeError(document []byte, de *unstable.ParserError) *DecodeError {
+	offset := danger.SubsliceOffset(document, de.Highlight)
 
 	errMessage := de.Error()
 	errLine, errColumn := positionAtEnd(document[:offset])
-	before, after := linesOfContext(document, de.highlight, offset, 3)
+	before, after := linesOfContext(document, de.Highlight, offset, 3)
 
 	var buf strings.Builder
 
@@ -139,7 +122,7 @@ func wrapDecodeError(document []byte, de *decodeError) *DecodeError {
 		buf.Write(before[0])
 	}
 
-	buf.Write(de.highlight)
+	buf.Write(de.Highlight)
 
 	if len(after) > 0 {
 		buf.Write(after[0])
@@ -157,7 +140,7 @@ func wrapDecodeError(document []byte, de *decodeError) *DecodeError {
 		buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", len(before[0])))
 	}
 
-	buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat("~", len(de.highlight)))
+	buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat("~", len(de.Highlight)))
 
 	if len(errMessage) > 0 {
 		buf.WriteString(" ")
@@ -182,7 +165,7 @@ func wrapDecodeError(document []byte, de *decodeError) *DecodeError {
 		message: errMessage,
 		line:    errLine,
 		column:  errColumn,
-		key:     de.key,
+		key:     de.Key,
 		human:   buf.String(),
 	}
 }

errors_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -170,9 +171,9 @@ line 5`,
 			doc := b.Bytes()
 			hl := doc[start:end]
 
-			err := wrapDecodeError(doc, &decodeError{
-				highlight: hl,
-				message:   e.msg,
+			err := wrapDecodeError(doc, &unstable.ParserError{
+				Highlight: hl,
+				Message:   e.msg,
 			})
 
 			var derr *DecodeError

fast_test.go

@@ -7,13 +7,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestFastSimple(t *testing.T) {
+func TestFastSimpleInt(t *testing.T) {
 	m := map[string]int64{}
 	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(`a = 42`), &m)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]int64{"a": 42}, m)
 }
 
+func TestFastSimpleFloat(t *testing.T) {
+	m := map[string]float64{}
+	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte("a = 42\nb = 1.1\nc = 12341234123412341234123412341234"), &m)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]float64{"a": 42, "b": 1.1, "c": 1.2341234123412342e+31}, m)
+}
+
 func TestFastSimpleString(t *testing.T) {
 	m := map[string]string{}
 	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(`a = "hello"`), &m)

fuzz_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build go1.18 || go1.19 || go1.20
+// +build go1.18 go1.19 go1.20
+
+package toml_test
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func FuzzUnmarshal(f *testing.F) {
+	file, err := ioutil.ReadFile("benchmark/benchmark.toml")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	f.Add(file)
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, b []byte) {
+		if strings.Contains(string(b), "nan") {
+			// Current limitation of testify.
+			// https://github.com/stretchr/testify/issues/624
+			t.Skip("can't compare NaNs")
+		}
+
+		t.Log("INITIAL DOCUMENT ===========================")
+		t.Log(string(b))
+
+		var v interface{}
+		err := toml.Unmarshal(b, &v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		t.Log("DECODED VALUE ===========================")
+		t.Logf("%#+v", v)
+
+		encoded, err := toml.Marshal(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("cannot marshal unmarshaled document: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		t.Log("ENCODED DOCUMENT ===========================")
+		t.Log(string(encoded))
+
+		var v2 interface{}
+		err = toml.Unmarshal(encoded, &v2)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed round trip: %s", err)
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, v, v2)
+	})
+}

go.mod

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ module github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2
 
 go 1.16
 
-require github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1
+require github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1

go.sum

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0 h1:ZDRjVQ15GmhC3fiQ8ni8+OwkZQO4DARzQgrnXU1Liz8=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1 h1:5TQK59W5E3v0r2duFAb7P95B6hEeOyEnHRa8MjYSMTY=
+github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
+github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1 h1:w7B6lhMri9wdJUVmEZPGGhZzrYTPvgJArz7wNPgYKsk=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1/go.mod h1:w2LPCIKwWwSfY2zedu0+kehJoqGctiVI29o6fzry7u4=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=

internal/ast/builder.go

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package ast
-
-type Reference int
-
-const InvalidReference Reference = -1
-
-func (r Reference) Valid() bool {
-	return r != InvalidReference
-}
-
-type Builder struct {
-	tree    Root
-	lastIdx int
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) Tree() *Root {
-	return &b.tree
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) NodeAt(ref Reference) *Node {
-	return b.tree.at(ref)
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) Reset() {
-	b.tree.nodes = b.tree.nodes[:0]
-	b.lastIdx = 0
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) Push(n Node) Reference {
-	b.lastIdx = len(b.tree.nodes)
-	b.tree.nodes = append(b.tree.nodes, n)
-	return Reference(b.lastIdx)
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) PushAndChain(n Node) Reference {
-	newIdx := len(b.tree.nodes)
-	b.tree.nodes = append(b.tree.nodes, n)
-	if b.lastIdx >= 0 {
-		b.tree.nodes[b.lastIdx].next = newIdx - b.lastIdx
-	}
-	b.lastIdx = newIdx
-	return Reference(b.lastIdx)
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) AttachChild(parent Reference, child Reference) {
-	b.tree.nodes[parent].child = int(child) - int(parent)
-}
-
-func (b *Builder) Chain(from Reference, to Reference) {
-	b.tree.nodes[from].next = int(to) - int(from)
-}

internal/characters/ascii.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package characters
+
+var invalidAsciiTable = [256]bool{
+	0x00: true,
+	0x01: true,
+	0x02: true,
+	0x03: true,
+	0x04: true,
+	0x05: true,
+	0x06: true,
+	0x07: true,
+	0x08: true,
+	// 0x09 TAB
+	// 0x0A LF
+	0x0B: true,
+	0x0C: true,
+	// 0x0D CR
+	0x0E: true,
+	0x0F: true,
+	0x10: true,
+	0x11: true,
+	0x12: true,
+	0x13: true,
+	0x14: true,
+	0x15: true,
+	0x16: true,
+	0x17: true,
+	0x18: true,
+	0x19: true,
+	0x1A: true,
+	0x1B: true,
+	0x1C: true,
+	0x1D: true,
+	0x1E: true,
+	0x1F: true,
+	// 0x20 - 0x7E Printable ASCII characters
+	0x7F: true,
+}
+
+func InvalidAscii(b byte) bool {
+	return invalidAsciiTable[b]
+}

internal/characters/utf8.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package toml
+package characters
 
 import (
 	"unicode/utf8"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func (u utf8Err) Zero() bool {
 // 0x9 => tab, ok
 // 0xA - 0x1F => invalid
 // 0x7F => invalid
-func utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(p []byte) (err utf8Err) {
+func Utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(p []byte) (err utf8Err) {
 	// Fast path. Check for and skip 8 bytes of ASCII characters per iteration.
 	offset := 0
 	for len(p) >= 8 {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(p []byte) (err utf8Err) {
 		}
 
 		for i, b := range p[:8] {
-			if invalidAscii(b) {
+			if InvalidAscii(b) {
 				err.Index = offset + i
 				err.Size = 1
 				return
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(p []byte) (err utf8Err) {
 	for i := 0; i < n; {
 		pi := p[i]
 		if pi < utf8.RuneSelf {
-			if invalidAscii(pi) {
+			if InvalidAscii(pi) {
 				err.Index = offset + i
 				err.Size = 1
 				return
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ func utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(p []byte) (err utf8Err) {
 }
 
 // Return the size of the next rune if valid, 0 otherwise.
-func utf8ValidNext(p []byte) int {
+func Utf8ValidNext(p []byte) int {
 	c := p[0]
 
 	if c < utf8.RuneSelf {
-		if invalidAscii(c) {
+		if InvalidAscii(c) {
 			return 0
 		}
 		return 1
@@ -140,47 +140,6 @@ func utf8ValidNext(p []byte) int {
 	return size
 }
 
-var invalidAsciiTable = [256]bool{
-	0x00: true,
-	0x01: true,
-	0x02: true,
-	0x03: true,
-	0x04: true,
-	0x05: true,
-	0x06: true,
-	0x07: true,
-	0x08: true,
-	// 0x09 TAB
-	// 0x0A LF
-	0x0B: true,
-	0x0C: true,
-	// 0x0D CR
-	0x0E: true,
-	0x0F: true,
-	0x10: true,
-	0x11: true,
-	0x12: true,
-	0x13: true,
-	0x14: true,
-	0x15: true,
-	0x16: true,
-	0x17: true,
-	0x18: true,
-	0x19: true,
-	0x1A: true,
-	0x1B: true,
-	0x1C: true,
-	0x1D: true,
-	0x1E: true,
-	0x1F: true,
-	// 0x20 - 0x7E Printable ASCII characters
-	0x7F: true,
-}
-
-func invalidAscii(b byte) bool {
-	return invalidAsciiTable[b]
-}
-
 // acceptRange gives the range of valid values for the second byte in a UTF-8
 // sequence.
 type acceptRange struct {

internal/cli/cli.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type Program struct {
 	Usage string
 	Fn    ConvertFn
 	// Inplace allows the command to take more than one file as argument and
-	// perform convertion in place on each provided file.
+	// perform conversion in place on each provided file.
 	Inplace bool
 }
 

internal/imported_tests/marshal_imported_test.go

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ func TestDocMarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	marshalTestToml := `title = 'TOML Marshal Testing'
+
 [basic_lists]
 floats = [12.3, 45.6, 78.9]
 bools = [true, false, true]
@@ -89,7 +90,6 @@ name = 'Second'
 [subdoc.first]
 name = 'First'
 
-
 [basic]
 uint = 5001
 bool = true
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ date = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
 
 [[subdoclist]]
 name = 'List.First'
+
 [[subdoclist]]
 name = 'List.Second'
-
 `
 
 	result, err := toml.Marshal(docData)
@@ -117,14 +117,15 @@ func TestBasicMarshalQuotedKey(t *testing.T) {
 
 	expected := `'Z.string-àéù' = 'Hello'
 'Yfloat-𝟘' = 3.5
+
 ['Xsubdoc-àéù']
 String2 = 'One'
 
 [['W.sublist-𝟘']]
 String2 = 'Two'
+
 [['W.sublist-𝟘']]
 String2 = 'Three'
-
 `
 
 	require.Equal(t, string(expected), string(result))
@@ -159,8 +160,8 @@ bool = false
 int = 0
 string = ''
 stringlist = []
-[map]
 
+[map]
 `
 
 	require.Equal(t, string(expected), string(result))

internal/imported_tests/unmarshal_imported_test.go

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ type quotedKeyMarshalTestStruct struct {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var quotedKeyMarshalTestData = quotedKeyMarshalTestStruct{
 	String:  "Hello",
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ var quotedKeyMarshalTestData = quotedKeyMarshalTestStruct{
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var quotedKeyMarshalTestToml = []byte(`"Yfloat-𝟘" = 3.5
 "Z.string-àéù" = "Hello"
@@ -272,6 +274,7 @@ var docData = testDoc{
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var mapTestDoc = testMapDoc{
 	Title: "TOML Marshal Testing",
@@ -559,10 +562,12 @@ func (c customMarshaler) MarshalTOML() ([]byte, error) {
 var customMarshalerData = customMarshaler{FirstName: "Sally", LastName: "Fields"}
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var customMarshalerToml = []byte(`Sally Fields`)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var nestedCustomMarshalerData = customMarshalerParent{
 	Self:    customMarshaler{FirstName: "Maiku", LastName: "Suteda"},
@@ -570,6 +575,7 @@ var nestedCustomMarshalerData = customMarshalerParent{
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var nestedCustomMarshalerToml = []byte(`friends = ["Sally Fields"]
 me = "Maiku Suteda"
@@ -611,6 +617,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalTextMarshaler(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type and methods are used by a test
+//
 //nolint:unused
 type precedentMarshaler struct {
 	FirstName string
@@ -629,6 +636,7 @@ func (m precedentMarshaler) MarshalTOML() ([]byte, error) {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type and method are used by a test
+//
 //nolint:unused
 type customPointerMarshaler struct {
 	FirstName string
@@ -641,6 +649,7 @@ func (m *customPointerMarshaler) MarshalTOML() ([]byte, error) {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type and method are used by a test
+//
 //nolint:unused
 type textPointerMarshaler struct {
 	FirstName string
@@ -653,6 +662,7 @@ func (m *textPointerMarshaler) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var commentTestToml = []byte(`
 # it's a comment on type
@@ -690,6 +700,7 @@ type mapsTestStruct struct {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var mapsTestData = mapsTestStruct{
 	Simple: map[string]string{
@@ -713,6 +724,7 @@ var mapsTestData = mapsTestStruct{
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var mapsTestToml = []byte(`
 [Other]
@@ -735,6 +747,7 @@ var mapsTestToml = []byte(`
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused
 type structArrayNoTag struct {
 	A struct {
@@ -744,6 +757,7 @@ type structArrayNoTag struct {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var customTagTestToml = []byte(`
 [postgres]
@@ -758,6 +772,7 @@ var customTagTestToml = []byte(`
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var customCommentTagTestToml = []byte(`
 # db connection
@@ -771,6 +786,7 @@ var customCommentTagTestToml = []byte(`
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var customCommentedTagTestToml = []byte(`
 [postgres]
@@ -825,6 +841,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalTabInStringAndQuotedKey(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var customMultilineTagTestToml = []byte(`int_slice = [
   1,
@@ -834,6 +851,7 @@ var customMultilineTagTestToml = []byte(`int_slice = [
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var testDocBasicToml = []byte(`
 [document]
@@ -846,12 +864,14 @@ var testDocBasicToml = []byte(`
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode
 type testDocCustomTag struct {
 	Doc testDocBasicsCustomTag `file:"document"`
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode
 type testDocBasicsCustomTag struct {
 	Bool       bool      `file:"bool_val"`
@@ -864,6 +884,7 @@ type testDocBasicsCustomTag struct {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,varcheck
 var testDocCustomTagData = testDocCustomTag{
 	Doc: testDocBasicsCustomTag{
@@ -966,6 +987,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalInvalidPointerKind(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused
 type testDuration struct {
 	Nanosec   time.Duration  `toml:"nanosec"`
@@ -980,6 +1002,7 @@ type testDuration struct {
 }
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var testDurationToml = []byte(`
 nanosec = "1ns"
@@ -994,6 +1017,7 @@ a_string = "15s"
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once var is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused,varcheck
 var testDurationToml2 = []byte(`a_string = "15s"
 hour = "1h0m0s"
@@ -1007,6 +1031,7 @@ sec = "1s"
 `)
 
 // TODO: Remove nolint once type is used by a test
+//
 //nolint:deadcode,unused
 type testBadDuration struct {
 	Val time.Duration `toml:"val"`
@@ -1060,10 +1085,6 @@ func TestUnmarshalCheckConversionFloatInt(t *testing.T) {
 			desc:  "int",
 			input: `I = 1e300`,
 		},
-		{
-			desc:  "float",
-			input: `F = 9223372036854775806`,
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range testCases {

internal/tracker/key.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package tracker
 
-import (
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/ast"
-)
+import "github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 
 // KeyTracker is a tracker that keeps track of the current Key as the AST is
 // walked.
@@ -11,19 +9,19 @@ type KeyTracker struct {
 }
 
 // UpdateTable sets the state of the tracker with the AST table node.
-func (t *KeyTracker) UpdateTable(node *ast.Node) {
+func (t *KeyTracker) UpdateTable(node *unstable.Node) {
 	t.reset()
 	t.Push(node)
 }
 
 // UpdateArrayTable sets the state of the tracker with the AST array table node.
-func (t *KeyTracker) UpdateArrayTable(node *ast.Node) {
+func (t *KeyTracker) UpdateArrayTable(node *unstable.Node) {
 	t.reset()
 	t.Push(node)
 }
 
 // Push the given key on the stack.
-func (t *KeyTracker) Push(node *ast.Node) {
+func (t *KeyTracker) Push(node *unstable.Node) {
 	it := node.Key()
 	for it.Next() {
 		t.k = append(t.k, string(it.Node().Data))
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ func (t *KeyTracker) Push(node *ast.Node) {
 }
 
 // Pop key from stack.
-func (t *KeyTracker) Pop(node *ast.Node) {
+func (t *KeyTracker) Pop(node *unstable.Node) {
 	it := node.Key()
 	for it.Next() {
 		t.k = t.k[:len(t.k)-1]

internal/tracker/seen.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/ast"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 )
 
 type keyKind uint8
@@ -150,23 +150,23 @@ func (s *SeenTracker) setExplicitFlag(parentIdx int) {
 // CheckExpression takes a top-level node and checks that it does not contain
 // keys that have been seen in previous calls, and validates that types are
 // consistent.
-func (s *SeenTracker) CheckExpression(node *ast.Node) error {
+func (s *SeenTracker) CheckExpression(node *unstable.Node) error {
 	if s.entries == nil {
 		s.reset()
 	}
 	switch node.Kind {
-	case ast.KeyValue:
+	case unstable.KeyValue:
 		return s.checkKeyValue(node)
-	case ast.Table:
+	case unstable.Table:
 		return s.checkTable(node)
-	case ast.ArrayTable:
+	case unstable.ArrayTable:
 		return s.checkArrayTable(node)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("this should not be a top level node type: %s", node.Kind))
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *SeenTracker) checkTable(node *ast.Node) error {
+func (s *SeenTracker) checkTable(node *unstable.Node) error {
 	if s.currentIdx >= 0 {
 		s.setExplicitFlag(s.currentIdx)
 	}
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func (s *SeenTracker) checkTable(node *ast.Node) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SeenTracker) checkArrayTable(node *ast.Node) error {
+func (s *SeenTracker) checkArrayTable(node *unstable.Node) error {
 	if s.currentIdx >= 0 {
 		s.setExplicitFlag(s.currentIdx)
 	}
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ func (s *SeenTracker) checkArrayTable(node *ast.Node) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SeenTracker) checkKeyValue(node *ast.Node) error {
+func (s *SeenTracker) checkKeyValue(node *unstable.Node) error {
 	parentIdx := s.currentIdx
 	it := node.Key()
 
@@ -297,26 +297,26 @@ func (s *SeenTracker) checkKeyValue(node *ast.Node) error {
 	value := node.Value()
 
 	switch value.Kind {
-	case ast.InlineTable:
+	case unstable.InlineTable:
 		return s.checkInlineTable(value)
-	case ast.Array:
+	case unstable.Array:
 		return s.checkArray(value)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SeenTracker) checkArray(node *ast.Node) error {
+func (s *SeenTracker) checkArray(node *unstable.Node) error {
 	it := node.Children()
 	for it.Next() {
 		n := it.Node()
 		switch n.Kind {
-		case ast.InlineTable:
+		case unstable.InlineTable:
 			err := s.checkInlineTable(n)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-		case ast.Array:
+		case unstable.Array:
 			err := s.checkArray(n)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (s *SeenTracker) checkArray(node *ast.Node) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SeenTracker) checkInlineTable(node *ast.Node) error {
+func (s *SeenTracker) checkInlineTable(node *unstable.Node) error {
 	if pool.New == nil {
 		pool.New = func() interface{} {
 			return &SeenTracker{}

internal/tracker/seen_test.go

@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ func TestEntrySize(t *testing.T) {
 	// Validate no regression on the size of entry{}. This is a critical bit for
 	// performance of unmarshaling documents. Should only be increased with care
 	// and a very good reason.
-	require.LessOrEqual(t, 48, int(unsafe.Sizeof(entry{})))
+	maxExpectedEntrySize := 48
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, int(unsafe.Sizeof(entry{})), maxExpectedEntrySize)
 }

localtime.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 )
 
 // LocalDate represents a calendar day in no specific timezone.
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ func (d LocalTime) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
 func (d *LocalTime) UnmarshalText(b []byte) error {
 	res, left, err := parseLocalTime(b)
 	if err == nil && len(left) != 0 {
-		err = newDecodeError(left, "extra characters")
+		err = unstable.NewParserError(left, "extra characters")
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ func (d LocalDateTime) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
 func (d *LocalDateTime) UnmarshalText(data []byte) error {
 	res, left, err := parseLocalDateTime(data)
 	if err == nil && len(left) != 0 {
-		err = newDecodeError(left, "extra characters")
+		err = unstable.NewParserError(left, "extra characters")
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

marshaler.go

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/characters"
 )
 
 // Marshal serializes a Go value as a TOML document.
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ func NewEncoder(w io.Writer) *Encoder {
 // This behavior can be controlled on an individual struct field basis with the
 // inline tag:
 //
-//   MyField `inline:"true"`
+//	MyField `toml:",inline"`
 func (enc *Encoder) SetTablesInline(inline bool) *Encoder {
 	enc.tablesInline = inline
 	return enc
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ func (enc *Encoder) SetTablesInline(inline bool) *Encoder {
 //
 // This behavior can be controlled on an individual struct field basis with the multiline tag:
 //
-//   MyField `multiline:"true"`
+//	MyField `multiline:"true"`
 func (enc *Encoder) SetArraysMultiline(multiline bool) *Encoder {
 	enc.arraysMultiline = multiline
 	return enc
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ func (enc *Encoder) SetIndentTables(indent bool) *Encoder {
 //
 // If v cannot be represented to TOML it returns an error.
 //
-// Encoding rules
+// # Encoding rules
 //
 // A top level slice containing only maps or structs is encoded as [[table
 // array]].
@@ -107,10 +109,30 @@ func (enc *Encoder) SetIndentTables(indent bool) *Encoder {
 // a newline character or a single quote. In that case they are emitted as
 // quoted strings.
 //
+// Unsigned integers larger than math.MaxInt64 cannot be encoded. Doing so
+// results in an error. This rule exists because the TOML specification only
+// requires parsers to support at least the 64 bits integer range. Allowing
+// larger numbers would create non-standard TOML documents, which may not be
+// readable (at best) by other implementations. To encode such numbers, a
+// solution is a custom type that implements encoding.TextMarshaler.
+//
 // When encoding structs, fields are encoded in order of definition, with their
 // exact name.
 //
-// Struct tags
+// Tables and array tables are separated by empty lines. However, consecutive
+// subtables definitions are not. For example:
+//
+//	[top1]
+//
+//	[top2]
+//	[top2.child1]
+//
+//	[[array]]
+//
+//	[[array]]
+//	[array.child2]
+//
+// # Struct tags
 //
 // The encoding of each public struct field can be customized by the format
 // string in the "toml" key of the struct field's tag. This follows
@@ -128,7 +150,8 @@ func (enc *Encoder) SetIndentTables(indent bool) *Encoder {
 //
 // In addition to the "toml" tag struct tag, a "comment" tag can be used to emit
 // a TOML comment before the value being annotated. Comments are ignored inside
-// inline tables.
+// inline tables. For array tables, the comment is only present before the first
+// element of the array.
 func (enc *Encoder) Encode(v interface{}) error {
 	var (
 		b   []byte
@@ -208,11 +231,20 @@ func (ctx *encoderCtx) isRoot() bool {
 }
 
 func (enc *Encoder) encode(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, error) {
-	if !v.IsZero() {
-		i, ok := v.Interface().(time.Time)
-		if ok {
-			return i.AppendFormat(b, time.RFC3339), nil
+	i := v.Interface()
+
+	switch x := i.(type) {
+	case time.Time:
+		if x.Nanosecond() > 0 {
+			return x.AppendFormat(b, time.RFC3339Nano), nil
 		}
+		return x.AppendFormat(b, time.RFC3339), nil
+	case LocalTime:
+		return append(b, x.String()...), nil
+	case LocalDate:
+		return append(b, x.String()...), nil
+	case LocalDateTime:
+		return append(b, x.String()...), nil
 	}
 
 	hasTextMarshaler := v.Type().Implements(textMarshalerType)
@@ -260,16 +292,31 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encode(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, e
 	case reflect.String:
 		b = enc.encodeString(b, v.String(), ctx.options)
 	case reflect.Float32:
-		if math.Trunc(v.Float()) == v.Float() {
-			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, v.Float(), 'f', 1, 32)
+		f := v.Float()
+
+		if math.IsNaN(f) {
+			b = append(b, "nan"...)
+		} else if f > math.MaxFloat32 {
+			b = append(b, "inf"...)
+		} else if f < -math.MaxFloat32 {
+			b = append(b, "-inf"...)
+		} else if math.Trunc(f) == f {
+			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, f, 'f', 1, 32)
 		} else {
-			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, v.Float(), 'f', -1, 32)
+			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, f, 'f', -1, 32)
 		}
 	case reflect.Float64:
-		if math.Trunc(v.Float()) == v.Float() {
-			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, v.Float(), 'f', 1, 64)
+		f := v.Float()
+		if math.IsNaN(f) {
+			b = append(b, "nan"...)
+		} else if f > math.MaxFloat64 {
+			b = append(b, "inf"...)
+		} else if f < -math.MaxFloat64 {
+			b = append(b, "-inf"...)
+		} else if math.Trunc(f) == f {
+			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, f, 'f', 1, 64)
 		} else {
-			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, v.Float(), 'f', -1, 64)
+			b = strconv.AppendFloat(b, f, 'f', -1, 64)
 		}
 	case reflect.Bool:
 		if v.Bool() {
@@ -278,7 +325,11 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encode(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, e
 			b = append(b, "false"...)
 		}
 	case reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint:
-		b = strconv.AppendUint(b, v.Uint(), 10)
+		x := v.Uint()
+		if x > uint64(math.MaxInt64) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("toml: not encoding uint (%d) greater than max int64 (%d)", x, int64(math.MaxInt64))
+		}
+		b = strconv.AppendUint(b, x, 10)
 	case reflect.Int64, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int:
 		b = strconv.AppendInt(b, v.Int(), 10)
 	default:
@@ -297,28 +348,19 @@ func isNil(v reflect.Value) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+func shouldOmitEmpty(options valueOptions, v reflect.Value) bool {
+	return options.omitempty && isEmptyValue(v)
+}
+
 func (enc *Encoder) encodeKv(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, options valueOptions, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, error) {
 	var err error
 
-	if !ctx.hasKey {
-		panic("caller of encodeKv should have set the key in the context")
-	}
-
-	if (ctx.options.omitempty || options.omitempty) && isEmptyValue(v) {
-		return b, nil
-	}
-
 	if !ctx.inline {
 		b = enc.encodeComment(ctx.indent, options.comment, b)
+		b = enc.indent(ctx.indent, b)
 	}
 
-	b = enc.indent(ctx.indent, b)
-
-	b, err = enc.encodeKey(b, ctx.key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
+	b = enc.encodeKey(b, ctx.key)
 	b = append(b, " = "...)
 
 	// create a copy of the context because the value of a KV shouldn't
@@ -338,6 +380,8 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeKv(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, options valueOptions, v r
 
 func isEmptyValue(v reflect.Value) bool {
 	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		return isEmptyStruct(v)
 	case reflect.Array, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice, reflect.String:
 		return v.Len() == 0
 	case reflect.Bool:
@@ -354,6 +398,34 @@ func isEmptyValue(v reflect.Value) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func isEmptyStruct(v reflect.Value) bool {
+	// TODO: merge with walkStruct and cache.
+	typ := v.Type()
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		fieldType := typ.Field(i)
+
+		// only consider exported fields
+		if fieldType.PkgPath != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		tag := fieldType.Tag.Get("toml")
+
+		// special field name to skip field
+		if tag == "-" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		f := v.Field(i)
+
+		if !isEmptyValue(f) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
 const literalQuote = '\''
 
 func (enc *Encoder) encodeString(b []byte, v string, options valueOptions) []byte {
@@ -365,7 +437,13 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeString(b []byte, v string, options valueOptions) []byt
 }
 
 func needsQuoting(v string) bool {
-	return strings.ContainsAny(v, "'\b\f\n\r\t")
+	// TODO: vectorize
+	for _, b := range []byte(v) {
+		if b == '\'' || b == '\r' || b == '\n' || characters.InvalidAscii(b) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // caller should have checked that the string does not contain new lines or ' .
@@ -377,7 +455,6 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeLiteralString(b []byte, v string) []byte {
 	return b
 }
 
-//nolint:cyclop
 func (enc *Encoder) encodeQuotedString(multiline bool, b []byte, v string) []byte {
 	stringQuote := `"`
 
@@ -437,7 +514,7 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeQuotedString(multiline bool, b []byte, v string) []byt
 	return b
 }
 
-// called should have checked that the string is in A-Z / a-z / 0-9 / - / _ .
+// caller should have checked that the string is in A-Z / a-z / 0-9 / - / _ .
 func (enc *Encoder) encodeUnquotedKey(b []byte, v string) []byte {
 	return append(b, v...)
 }
@@ -453,20 +530,11 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTableHeader(ctx encoderCtx, b []byte) ([]byte, error)
 
 	b = append(b, '[')
 
-	var err error
-
-	b, err = enc.encodeKey(b, ctx.parentKey[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	b = enc.encodeKey(b, ctx.parentKey[0])
 
 	for _, k := range ctx.parentKey[1:] {
 		b = append(b, '.')
-
-		b, err = enc.encodeKey(b, k)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		b = enc.encodeKey(b, k)
 	}
 
 	b = append(b, "]\n"...)
@@ -475,19 +543,19 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTableHeader(ctx encoderCtx, b []byte) ([]byte, error)
 }
 
 //nolint:cyclop
-func (enc *Encoder) encodeKey(b []byte, k string) ([]byte, error) {
+func (enc *Encoder) encodeKey(b []byte, k string) []byte {
 	needsQuotation := false
 	cannotUseLiteral := false
 
+	if len(k) == 0 {
+		return append(b, "''"...)
+	}
+
 	for _, c := range k {
 		if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '-' || c == '_' {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if c == '\n' {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("toml: new line characters in keys are not supported")
-		}
-
 		if c == literalQuote {
 			cannotUseLiteral = true
 		}
@@ -495,13 +563,17 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeKey(b []byte, k string) ([]byte, error) {
 		needsQuotation = true
 	}
 
+	if needsQuotation && needsQuoting(k) {
+		cannotUseLiteral = true
+	}
+
 	switch {
 	case cannotUseLiteral:
-		return enc.encodeQuotedString(false, b, k), nil
+		return enc.encodeQuotedString(false, b, k)
 	case needsQuotation:
-		return enc.encodeLiteralString(b, k), nil
+		return enc.encodeLiteralString(b, k)
 	default:
-		return enc.encodeUnquotedKey(b, k), nil
+		return enc.encodeUnquotedKey(b, k)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -600,7 +672,9 @@ func walkStruct(ctx encoderCtx, t *table, v reflect.Value) {
 
 		if k == "" {
 			if fieldType.Anonymous {
-				walkStruct(ctx, t, f)
+				if fieldType.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+					walkStruct(ctx, t, f)
+				}
 				continue
 			} else {
 				k = fieldType.Name
@@ -634,10 +708,19 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeStruct(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]b
 }
 
 func (enc *Encoder) encodeComment(indent int, comment string, b []byte) []byte {
-	if comment != "" {
+	for len(comment) > 0 {
+		var line string
+		idx := strings.IndexByte(comment, '\n')
+		if idx >= 0 {
+			line = comment[:idx]
+			comment = comment[idx+1:]
+		} else {
+			line = comment
+			comment = ""
+		}
 		b = enc.indent(indent, b)
 		b = append(b, "# "...)
-		b = append(b, comment...)
+		b = append(b, line...)
 		b = append(b, '\n')
 	}
 	return b
@@ -718,7 +801,13 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTable(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, t table) ([]byte, erro
 	}
 	ctx.skipTableHeader = false
 
+	hasNonEmptyKV := false
 	for _, kv := range t.kvs {
+		if shouldOmitEmpty(kv.Options, kv.Value) {
+			continue
+		}
+		hasNonEmptyKV = true
+
 		ctx.setKey(kv.Key)
 
 		b, err = enc.encodeKv(b, ctx, kv.Options, kv.Value)
@@ -729,7 +818,20 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTable(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, t table) ([]byte, erro
 		b = append(b, '\n')
 	}
 
+	first := true
 	for _, table := range t.tables {
+		if shouldOmitEmpty(table.Options, table.Value) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if first {
+			first = false
+			if hasNonEmptyKV {
+				b = append(b, '\n')
+			}
+		} else {
+			b = append(b, "\n"...)
+		}
+
 		ctx.setKey(table.Key)
 
 		ctx.options = table.Options
@@ -738,8 +840,6 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTable(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, t table) ([]byte, erro
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-
-		b = append(b, '\n')
 	}
 
 	return b, nil
@@ -752,6 +852,10 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTableInline(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, t table) ([]byte
 
 	first := true
 	for _, kv := range t.kvs {
+		if shouldOmitEmpty(kv.Options, kv.Value) {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		if first {
 			first = false
 		} else {
@@ -767,7 +871,7 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeTableInline(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, t table) ([]byte
 	}
 
 	if len(t.tables) > 0 {
-		panic("inline table cannot contain nested tables, online key-values")
+		panic("inline table cannot contain nested tables, only key-values")
 	}
 
 	b = append(b, "}"...)
@@ -801,6 +905,9 @@ func willConvertToTable(ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) bool {
 }
 
 func willConvertToTableOrArrayTable(ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) bool {
+	if ctx.insideKv {
+		return false
+	}
 	t := v.Type()
 
 	if t.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
@@ -846,7 +953,6 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeSlice(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]by
 func (enc *Encoder) encodeSliceAsArrayTable(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, error) {
 	ctx.shiftKey()
 
-	var err error
 	scratch := make([]byte, 0, 64)
 	scratch = append(scratch, "[["...)
 
@@ -855,18 +961,22 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encodeSliceAsArrayTable(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.
 			scratch = append(scratch, '.')
 		}
 
-		scratch, err = enc.encodeKey(scratch, k)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		scratch = enc.encodeKey(scratch, k)
 	}
 
 	scratch = append(scratch, "]]\n"...)
 	ctx.skipTableHeader = true
 
+	b = enc.encodeComment(ctx.indent, ctx.options.comment, b)
+
 	for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+		if i != 0 {
+			b = append(b, "\n"...)
+		}
+
 		b = append(b, scratch...)
 
+		var err error
 		b, err = enc.encode(b, ctx, v.Index(i))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err

marshaler_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -38,21 +39,21 @@ func TestMarshal(t *testing.T) {
 			v: map[string]string{
 				"hello": "world",
 			},
-			expected: "hello = 'world'",
+			expected: "hello = 'world'\n",
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "map with new line in key",
 			v: map[string]string{
 				"hel\nlo": "world",
 			},
-			err: true,
+			expected: "\"hel\\nlo\" = 'world'\n",
 		},
 		{
 			desc: `map with " in key`,
 			v: map[string]string{
 				`hel"lo`: "world",
 			},
-			expected: `'hel"lo' = 'world'`,
+			expected: "'hel\"lo' = 'world'\n",
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "map in map and string",
@@ -61,9 +62,9 @@ func TestMarshal(t *testing.T) {
 					"hello": "world",
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[table]
-hello = 'world'`,
+			expected: `[table]
+hello = 'world'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "map in map in map and string",
@@ -74,10 +75,10 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[this]
+			expected: `[this]
 [this.is]
-a = 'test'`,
+a = 'test'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "map in map in map and string with values",
@@ -89,18 +90,20 @@ a = 'test'`,
 					"also": "that",
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[this]
+			expected: `[this]
 also = 'that'
+
 [this.is]
-a = 'test'`,
+a = 'test'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "simple string array",
 			v: map[string][]string{
 				"array": {"one", "two", "three"},
 			},
-			expected: `array = ['one', 'two', 'three']`,
+			expected: `array = ['one', 'two', 'three']
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:     "empty string array",
@@ -117,14 +120,16 @@ a = 'test'`,
 			v: map[string][][]string{
 				"array": {{"one", "two"}, {"three"}},
 			},
-			expected: `array = [['one', 'two'], ['three']]`,
+			expected: `array = [['one', 'two'], ['three']]
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "mixed strings and nested string arrays",
 			v: map[string][]interface{}{
 				"array": {"a string", []string{"one", "two"}, "last"},
 			},
-			expected: `array = ['a string', ['one', 'two'], 'last']`,
+			expected: `array = ['a string', ['one', 'two'], 'last']
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "array of maps",
@@ -134,9 +139,9 @@ a = 'test'`,
 					{"map2.1": "v2.1"},
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[[top]]
+			expected: `[[top]]
 'map1.1' = 'v1.1'
+
 [[top]]
 'map2.1' = 'v2.1'
 `,
@@ -147,9 +152,9 @@ a = 'test'`,
 				"key1": "value1",
 				"key2": "value2",
 			},
-			expected: `
-key1 = 'value1'
-key2 = 'value2'`,
+			expected: `key1 = 'value1'
+key2 = 'value2'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "simple struct",
@@ -158,7 +163,8 @@ key2 = 'value2'`,
 			}{
 				A: "foo",
 			},
-			expected: `A = 'foo'`,
+			expected: `A = 'foo'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "one level of structs within structs",
@@ -173,8 +179,7 @@ key2 = 'value2'`,
 					K2: "v2",
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[A]
+			expected: `[A]
 K1 = 'v1'
 K2 = 'v2'
 `,
@@ -189,10 +194,10 @@ K2 = 'v2'
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[root]
+			expected: `[root]
 [[root.nested]]
 name = 'Bob'
+
 [[root.nested]]
 name = 'Alice'
 `,
@@ -202,49 +207,53 @@ name = 'Alice'
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "'\b\f\r\t\"\\",
 			},
-			expected: `a = "'\b\f\r\t\"\\"`,
+			expected: `a = "'\b\f\r\t\"\\"
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "string utf8 low",
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "'Ę",
 			},
-			expected: `a = "'Ę"`,
+			expected: `a = "'Ę"
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "string utf8 low 2",
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "'\u10A85",
 			},
-			expected: "a = \"'\u10A85\"",
+			expected: "a = \"'\u10A85\"\n",
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "string utf8 low 2",
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "'\u10A85",
 			},
-			expected: "a = \"'\u10A85\"",
+			expected: "a = \"'\u10A85\"\n",
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "emoji",
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "'😀",
 			},
-			expected: "a = \"'😀\"",
+			expected: "a = \"'😀\"\n",
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "control char",
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "'\u001A",
 			},
-			expected: `a = "'\u001A"`,
+			expected: `a = "'\u001A"
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "multi-line string",
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"a": "hello\nworld",
 			},
-			expected: `a = "hello\nworld"`,
+			expected: `a = "hello\nworld"
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "multi-line forced",
@@ -255,7 +264,8 @@ name = 'Alice'
 			},
 			expected: `A = """
 hello
-world"""`,
+world"""
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "inline field",
@@ -270,8 +280,8 @@ world"""`,
 					"isinline": "no",
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-A = {isinline = 'yes'}
+			expected: `A = {isinline = 'yes'}
+
 [B]
 isinline = 'no'
 `,
@@ -285,8 +295,7 @@ isinline = 'no'
 				A: []int{1, 2, 3, 4},
 				B: []int{1, 2, 3, 4},
 			},
-			expected: `
-A = [
+			expected: `A = [
   1,
   2,
   3,
@@ -302,8 +311,7 @@ B = [1, 2, 3, 4]
 			}{
 				A: [][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}},
 			},
-			expected: `
-A = [
+			expected: `A = [
   [1, 2],
   [3, 4]
 ]
@@ -328,7 +336,8 @@ A = [
 			}{
 				A: []*int{nil},
 			},
-			expected: `A = [0]`,
+			expected: `A = [0]
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "nil pointer in slice uses zero value",
@@ -337,7 +346,8 @@ A = [
 			}{
 				A: []*int{nil},
 			},
-			expected: `A = [0]`,
+			expected: `A = [0]
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "pointer in slice",
@@ -346,7 +356,8 @@ A = [
 			}{
 				A: []*int{&someInt},
 			},
-			expected: `A = [42]`,
+			expected: `A = [42]
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "inline table in inline table",
@@ -357,30 +368,34 @@ A = [
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `A = {A = {A = 'hello'}}`,
+			expected: `A = {A = {A = 'hello'}}
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "empty slice in map",
 			v: map[string][]string{
 				"a": {},
 			},
-			expected: `a = []`,
+			expected: `a = []
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "map in slice",
 			v: map[string][]map[string]string{
 				"a": {{"hello": "world"}},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[[a]]
-hello = 'world'`,
+			expected: `[[a]]
+hello = 'world'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "newline in map in slice",
 			v: map[string][]map[string]string{
 				"a\n": {{"hello": "world"}},
 			},
-			err: true,
+			expected: `[["a\n"]]
+hello = 'world'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "newline in map in slice",
@@ -396,7 +411,8 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 			}{
 				A: []struct{}{},
 			},
-			expected: `A = []`,
+			expected: `A = []
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "nil field is ignored",
@@ -416,7 +432,8 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 				Public:  "shown",
 				private: "hidden",
 			},
-			expected: `Public = 'shown'`,
+			expected: `Public = 'shown'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "fields tagged - are ignored",
@@ -440,7 +457,8 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"hello\nworld": 42,
 			},
-			err: true,
+			expected: `"hello\nworld" = 42
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "new line in parent of nested table key",
@@ -449,7 +467,9 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 					"inner": 42,
 				},
 			},
-			err: true,
+			expected: `["hello\nworld"]
+inner = 42
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "new line in nested table key",
@@ -460,7 +480,10 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			err: true,
+			expected: `[parent]
+[parent."in\ner"]
+foo = 42
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "invalid map key",
@@ -483,7 +506,18 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 			}{
 				T: time.Time{},
 			},
-			expected: `T = '0001-01-01T00:00:00Z'`,
+			expected: `T = 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "time nano",
+			v: struct {
+				T time.Time
+			}{
+				T: time.Date(1979, time.May, 27, 0, 32, 0, 999999000, time.UTC),
+			},
+			expected: `T = 1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999Z
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "bool",
@@ -494,9 +528,9 @@ hello = 'world'`,
 				A: false,
 				B: true,
 			},
-			expected: `
-A = false
-B = true`,
+			expected: `A = false
+B = true
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "numbers",
@@ -527,8 +561,7 @@ B = true`,
 				K: 42,
 				L: 2.2,
 			},
-			expected: `
-A = 1.1
+			expected: `A = 1.1
 B = 42
 C = 42
 D = 42
@@ -539,7 +572,8 @@ H = 42
 I = 42
 J = 42
 K = 42
-L = 2.2`,
+L = 2.2
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "comments",
@@ -552,8 +586,7 @@ L = 2.2`,
 					Three: []int{1, 2, 3},
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-# Before table
+			expected: `# Before table
 [Table]
 One = 1
 # Before kv
@@ -575,7 +608,7 @@ Three = [1, 2, 3]
 			}
 
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, e.expected, string(b))
+			assert.Equal(t, e.expected, string(b))
 
 			// make sure the output is always valid TOML
 			defaultMap := map[string]interface{}{}
@@ -650,10 +683,31 @@ func testWithFlags(t *testing.T, flags int, setters flagsSetters, testfn func(t
 	}
 }
 
-func equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t *testing.T, expected string, actual string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	cutset := "\n"
-	assert.Equal(t, strings.Trim(expected, cutset), strings.Trim(actual, cutset))
+func TestMarshalFloats(t *testing.T) {
+	v := map[string]float32{
+		"nan":  float32(math.NaN()),
+		"+inf": float32(math.Inf(1)),
+		"-inf": float32(math.Inf(-1)),
+	}
+
+	expected := `'+inf' = inf
+-inf = -inf
+nan = nan
+`
+
+	actual, err := toml.Marshal(v)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expected, string(actual))
+
+	v64 := map[string]float64{
+		"nan":  math.NaN(),
+		"+inf": math.Inf(1),
+		"-inf": math.Inf(-1),
+	}
+
+	actual, err = toml.Marshal(v64)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expected, string(actual))
 }
 
 //nolint:funlen
@@ -668,7 +722,8 @@ func TestMarshalIndentTables(t *testing.T) {
 			v: map[string]interface{}{
 				"foo": "bar",
 			},
-			expected: `foo = 'bar'`,
+			expected: `foo = 'bar'
+`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "one level table",
@@ -678,8 +733,7 @@ func TestMarshalIndentTables(t *testing.T) {
 					"two": "value2",
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-[foo]
+			expected: `[foo]
   one = 'value1'
   two = 'value2'
 `,
@@ -695,10 +749,11 @@ func TestMarshalIndentTables(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expected: `
-root = 'value0'
+			expected: `root = 'value0'
+
 [level1]
   one = 'value1'
+
   [level1.level2]
     two = 'value2'
 `,
@@ -713,7 +768,7 @@ root = 'value0'
 			enc.SetIndentTables(true)
 			err := enc.Encode(e.v)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, e.expected, buf.String())
+			assert.Equal(t, e.expected, buf.String())
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -758,7 +813,7 @@ func TestMarshalTextMarshaler(t *testing.T) {
 	m := map[string]interface{}{"a": &customTextMarshaler{value: 2}}
 	r, err := toml.Marshal(m)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, "a = '::2'", string(r))
+	assert.Equal(t, "a = '::2'\n", string(r))
 }
 
 type brokenWriter struct{}
@@ -781,10 +836,10 @@ func TestEncoderSetIndentSymbol(t *testing.T) {
 	enc.SetIndentSymbol(">>>")
 	err := enc.Encode(map[string]map[string]string{"parent": {"hello": "world"}})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expected := `
-[parent]
->>>hello = 'world'`
-	equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, expected, w.String())
+	expected := `[parent]
+>>>hello = 'world'
+`
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, w.String())
 }
 
 func TestEncoderOmitempty(t *testing.T) {
@@ -815,9 +870,9 @@ func TestEncoderOmitempty(t *testing.T) {
 	b, err := toml.Marshal(d)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	expected := `[Struct]`
+	expected := ``
 
-	equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, expected, string(b))
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
 }
 
 func TestEncoderTagFieldName(t *testing.T) {
@@ -832,13 +887,12 @@ func TestEncoderTagFieldName(t *testing.T) {
 	b, err := toml.Marshal(d)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	expected := `
-hello = 'world'
+	expected := `hello = 'world'
 '#' = ''
 Bad = ''
 `
 
-	equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, expected, string(b))
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
 }
 
 func TestIssue436(t *testing.T) {
@@ -852,12 +906,11 @@ func TestIssue436(t *testing.T) {
 	err = toml.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(v)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	expected := `
-[[a]]
+	expected := `[[a]]
 [a.b]
 c = 'd'
 `
-	equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, expected, buf.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, buf.String())
 }
 
 func TestIssue424(t *testing.T) {
@@ -939,7 +992,7 @@ func TestIssue678(t *testing.T) {
 
 	out, err := toml.Marshal(cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, "BigInt = '123'", string(out))
+	assert.Equal(t, "BigInt = '123'\n", string(out))
 
 	cfg2 := &Config{}
 	err = toml.Unmarshal(out, cfg2)
@@ -947,6 +1000,101 @@ func TestIssue678(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, cfg, cfg2)
 }
 
+func TestIssue752(t *testing.T) {
+	type Fooer interface {
+		Foo() string
+	}
+
+	type Container struct {
+		Fooer
+	}
+
+	c := Container{}
+
+	out, err := toml.Marshal(c)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "", string(out))
+}
+
+func TestIssue768(t *testing.T) {
+	type cfg struct {
+		Name string `comment:"This is a multiline comment.\nThis is line 2."`
+	}
+
+	out, err := toml.Marshal(&cfg{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	expected := `# This is a multiline comment.
+# This is line 2.
+Name = ''
+`
+
+	require.Equal(t, expected, string(out))
+}
+
+func TestIssue786(t *testing.T) {
+	type Dependencies struct {
+		Dependencies         []string `toml:"dependencies,multiline,omitempty"`
+		BuildDependencies    []string `toml:"buildDependencies,multiline,omitempty"`
+		OptionalDependencies []string `toml:"optionalDependencies,multiline,omitempty"`
+	}
+
+	type Test struct {
+		Dependencies Dependencies `toml:"dependencies,omitempty"`
+	}
+
+	x := Test{}
+	b, err := toml.Marshal(x)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, "", string(b))
+
+	type General struct {
+		From      string `toml:"from,omitempty" json:"from,omitempty" comment:"from in graphite-web format, the local TZ is used"`
+		Randomize bool   `toml:"randomize" json:"randomize" comment:"randomize starting time with [0,step)"`
+	}
+
+	type Custom struct {
+		Name string `toml:"name" json:"name,omitempty" comment:"names for generator, braces are expanded like in shell"`
+		Type string `toml:"type,omitempty" json:"type,omitempty" comment:"type of generator"`
+		General
+	}
+	type Config struct {
+		General
+		Custom []Custom `toml:"custom,omitempty" json:"custom,omitempty" comment:"generators with custom parameters can be specified separately"`
+	}
+
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	config := &Config{General: General{From: "-2d", Randomize: true}}
+	config.Custom = []Custom{{Name: "omit", General: General{Randomize: false}}}
+	config.Custom = append(config.Custom, Custom{Name: "present", General: General{From: "-2d", Randomize: true}})
+	encoder := toml.NewEncoder(buf)
+	encoder.Encode(config)
+
+	expected := `# from in graphite-web format, the local TZ is used
+from = '-2d'
+# randomize starting time with [0,step)
+randomize = true
+
+# generators with custom parameters can be specified separately
+[[custom]]
+# names for generator, braces are expanded like in shell
+name = 'omit'
+# randomize starting time with [0,step)
+randomize = false
+
+[[custom]]
+# names for generator, braces are expanded like in shell
+name = 'present'
+# from in graphite-web format, the local TZ is used
+from = '-2d'
+# randomize starting time with [0,step)
+randomize = true
+`
+
+	require.Equal(t, expected, buf.String())
+}
+
 func TestMarshalNestedAnonymousStructs(t *testing.T) {
 	type Embedded struct {
 		Value string `toml:"value" json:"value"`
@@ -968,6 +1116,7 @@ func TestMarshalNestedAnonymousStructs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	expected := `value = ''
+
 [top]
 value = ''
 
@@ -976,7 +1125,6 @@ value = ''
 
 [anonymous]
 value = ''
-
 `
 
 	result, err := toml.Marshal(doc)
@@ -1000,9 +1148,9 @@ func TestMarshalNestedAnonymousStructs_DuplicateField(t *testing.T) {
 	doc.Value = "shadows"
 
 	expected := `value = 'shadows'
+
 [top]
 value = ''
-
 `
 
 	result, err := toml.Marshal(doc)
@@ -1011,6 +1159,58 @@ value = ''
 	require.Equal(t, expected, string(result))
 }
 
+func TestLocalTime(t *testing.T) {
+	v := map[string]toml.LocalTime{
+		"a": {
+			Hour:       1,
+			Minute:     2,
+			Second:     3,
+			Nanosecond: 4,
+		},
+	}
+
+	expected := `a = 01:02:03.000000004
+`
+
+	out, err := toml.Marshal(v)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expected, string(out))
+}
+
+func TestMarshalUint64Overflow(t *testing.T) {
+	// The TOML spec only requires implementation to provide support for the
+	// int64 range. To avoid generating TOML documents that would not be
+	// supported by standard-compliant parsers, uint64 > max int64 cannot be
+	// marshaled.
+	x := map[string]interface{}{
+		"foo": uint64(math.MaxInt64) + 1,
+	}
+
+	_, err := toml.Marshal(x)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestIndentWithInlineTable(t *testing.T) {
+	x := map[string][]map[string]string{
+		"one": []map[string]string{
+			{"0": "0"},
+			{"1": "1"},
+		},
+	}
+	expected := `one = [
+  {0 = '0'},
+  {1 = '1'}
+]
+`
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := toml.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetIndentTables(true)
+	enc.SetTablesInline(true)
+	enc.SetArraysMultiline(true)
+	require.NoError(t, enc.Encode(x))
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, buf.String())
+}
+
 func ExampleMarshal() {
 	type MyConfig struct {
 		Version int

strict.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package toml
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/ast"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/danger"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/tracker"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 )
 
 type strict struct {
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ type strict struct {
 	// Tracks the current key being processed.
 	key tracker.KeyTracker
 
-	missing []decodeError
+	missing []unstable.ParserError
 }
 
-func (s *strict) EnterTable(node *ast.Node) {
+func (s *strict) EnterTable(node *unstable.Node) {
 	if !s.Enabled {
 		return
 	}
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func (s *strict) EnterTable(node *ast.Node) {
 	s.key.UpdateTable(node)
 }
 
-func (s *strict) EnterArrayTable(node *ast.Node) {
+func (s *strict) EnterArrayTable(node *unstable.Node) {
 	if !s.Enabled {
 		return
 	}
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (s *strict) EnterArrayTable(node *ast.Node) {
 	s.key.UpdateArrayTable(node)
 }
 
-func (s *strict) EnterKeyValue(node *ast.Node) {
+func (s *strict) EnterKeyValue(node *unstable.Node) {
 	if !s.Enabled {
 		return
 	}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (s *strict) EnterKeyValue(node *ast.Node) {
 	s.key.Push(node)
 }
 
-func (s *strict) ExitKeyValue(node *ast.Node) {
+func (s *strict) ExitKeyValue(node *unstable.Node) {
 	if !s.Enabled {
 		return
 	}
@@ -47,27 +47,27 @@ func (s *strict) ExitKeyValue(node *ast.Node) {
 	s.key.Pop(node)
 }
 
-func (s *strict) MissingTable(node *ast.Node) {
+func (s *strict) MissingTable(node *unstable.Node) {
 	if !s.Enabled {
 		return
 	}
 
-	s.missing = append(s.missing, decodeError{
-		highlight: keyLocation(node),
-		message:   "missing table",
-		key:       s.key.Key(),
+	s.missing = append(s.missing, unstable.ParserError{
+		Highlight: keyLocation(node),
+		Message:   "missing table",
+		Key:       s.key.Key(),
 	})
 }
 
-func (s *strict) MissingField(node *ast.Node) {
+func (s *strict) MissingField(node *unstable.Node) {
 	if !s.Enabled {
 		return
 	}
 
-	s.missing = append(s.missing, decodeError{
-		highlight: keyLocation(node),
-		message:   "missing field",
-		key:       s.key.Key(),
+	s.missing = append(s.missing, unstable.ParserError{
+		Highlight: keyLocation(node),
+		Message:   "missing field",
+		Key:       s.key.Key(),
 	})
 }
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (s *strict) Error(doc []byte) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-func keyLocation(node *ast.Node) []byte {
+func keyLocation(node *unstable.Node) []byte {
 	k := node.Key()
 
 	hasOne := k.Next()

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/0c08b924aa26af23d16b77029b4f5567a96af93402e0472fef7b837b37580d7c

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=0000-01-01 00:00:00")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/249a017d8ffa0d88d41c594ada5399f764833f64050180cb39f106d12666853f

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("\"\\n\"=\"\"")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/391ce67b866d58464d067c5981e99951fd499896453a2fe2779a6bfe7df11bf5

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("''=0")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/49ae83283c5cfbed874bcacbfb342de107b69c2a3d3c35c2d99f67345fe89946

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=0000-01-01")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/69ea82e85bb4ad966ae86bb05eea3af69ed1a826c846f1bf2282f329b4d8fb36

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=\"\"\"\\U00000000\"\"\"")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/746910fac6deb42e7e62dce60b333c81c39d844a122c9075894c023400e8fdbf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=[[{}]]")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/844d1171a3adc95e51627f0e9378bbaa193fe2d0284f4ba8ed19a5226a8cbc74

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("\"\\b\"=\"\"")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/900c54b5071113ae2a5365b3156377ddd775b9d38add61629544903cb9c94b00

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=inf")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/c87e8eb4e8fa40fd3c89d8ed16a049ce81592ded710965ee29a4e506eb5427b3

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=0000-01-01 00:00:00+00:00")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/d0e5d6fc3b865cfae5480c01f301b87c932722ae0c1d692deea413349ea028be

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=[{}]")

testdata/fuzz/FuzzUnmarshal/d2cecea5b8ee5f148419671cef0644178cdba1ee91d3f295be38da576e89ef40

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("0=nan")

types.go

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-var timeType = reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{})
-var textMarshalerType = reflect.TypeOf(new(encoding.TextMarshaler)).Elem()
-var textUnmarshalerType = reflect.TypeOf(new(encoding.TextUnmarshaler)).Elem()
-var mapStringInterfaceType = reflect.TypeOf(map[string]interface{}{})
-var sliceInterfaceType = reflect.TypeOf([]interface{}{})
+var timeType = reflect.TypeOf((*time.Time)(nil)).Elem()
+var textMarshalerType = reflect.TypeOf((*encoding.TextMarshaler)(nil)).Elem()
+var textUnmarshalerType = reflect.TypeOf((*encoding.TextUnmarshaler)(nil)).Elem()
+var mapStringInterfaceType = reflect.TypeOf(map[string]interface{}(nil))
+var sliceInterfaceType = reflect.TypeOf([]interface{}(nil))
 var stringType = reflect.TypeOf("")

unmarshaler.go

@@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/ast"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/danger"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/tracker"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/unstable"
 )
 
 // Unmarshal deserializes a TOML document into a Go value.
 //
 // It is a shortcut for Decoder.Decode() with the default options.
 func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
-	p := parser{}
+	p := unstable.Parser{}
 	p.Reset(data)
 	d := decoder{p: &p}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (d *Decoder) DisallowUnknownFields() *Decoder {
 // are ignored. See Decoder.DisallowUnknownFields() to change this behavior.
 //
 // When a TOML local date, time, or date-time is decoded into a time.Time, its
-// value is represented in time.Local timezone. Otherwise the approriate Local*
+// value is represented in time.Local timezone. Otherwise the appropriate Local*
 // structure is used. For time values, precision up to the nanosecond is
 // supported by truncating extra digits.
 //
@@ -79,29 +79,29 @@ func (d *Decoder) DisallowUnknownFields() *Decoder {
 // strict mode and a field is missing, a `toml.StrictMissingError` is
 // returned. In any other case, this function returns a standard Go error.
 //
-// Type mapping
+// # Type mapping
 //
 // List of supported TOML types and their associated accepted Go types:
 //
-//   String           -> string
-//   Integer          -> uint*, int*, depending on size
-//   Float            -> float*, depending on size
-//   Boolean          -> bool
-//   Offset Date-Time -> time.Time
-//   Local Date-time  -> LocalDateTime, time.Time
-//   Local Date       -> LocalDate, time.Time
-//   Local Time       -> LocalTime, time.Time
-//   Array            -> slice and array, depending on elements types
-//   Table            -> map and struct
-//   Inline Table     -> same as Table
-//   Array of Tables  -> same as Array and Table
+//	String           -> string
+//	Integer          -> uint*, int*, depending on size
+//	Float            -> float*, depending on size
+//	Boolean          -> bool
+//	Offset Date-Time -> time.Time
+//	Local Date-time  -> LocalDateTime, time.Time
+//	Local Date       -> LocalDate, time.Time
+//	Local Time       -> LocalTime, time.Time
+//	Array            -> slice and array, depending on elements types
+//	Table            -> map and struct
+//	Inline Table     -> same as Table
+//	Array of Tables  -> same as Array and Table
 func (d *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) error {
 	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(d.r)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("toml: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	p := parser{}
+	p := unstable.Parser{}
 	p.Reset(b)
 	dec := decoder{
 		p: &p,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func (d *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) error {
 
 type decoder struct {
 	// Which parser instance in use for this decoding session.
-	p *parser
+	p *unstable.Parser
 
 	// Flag indicating that the current expression is stashed.
 	// If set to true, calling nextExpr will not actually pull a new expression
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ type decoder struct {
 	stashedExpr bool
 
 	// Skip expressions until a table is found. This is set to true when a
-	// table could not be create (missing field in map), so all KV expressions
+	// table could not be created (missing field in map), so all KV expressions
 	// need to be skipped.
 	skipUntilTable bool
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (d *decoder) typeMismatchError(toml string, target reflect.Type) error {
 	return fmt.Errorf("toml: cannot decode TOML %s into a Go value of type %s", toml, target)
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) expr() *ast.Node {
+func (d *decoder) expr() *unstable.Node {
 	return d.p.Expression()
 }
 
@@ -208,12 +208,12 @@ func (d *decoder) FromParser(v interface{}) error {
 
 	err := d.fromParser(r)
 	if err == nil {
-		return d.strict.Error(d.p.data)
+		return d.strict.Error(d.p.Data())
 	}
 
-	var e *decodeError
+	var e *unstable.ParserError
 	if errors.As(err, &e) {
-		return wrapDecodeError(d.p.data, e)
+		return wrapDecodeError(d.p.Data(), e)
 	}
 
 	return err
@@ -234,16 +234,16 @@ func (d *decoder) fromParser(root reflect.Value) error {
 Rules for the unmarshal code:
 
 - The stack is used to keep track of which values need to be set where.
-- handle* functions <=> switch on a given ast.Kind.
+- handle* functions <=> switch on a given unstable.Kind.
 - unmarshalX* functions need to unmarshal a node of kind X.
 - An "object" is either a struct or a map.
 */
 
-func (d *decoder) handleRootExpression(expr *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) handleRootExpression(expr *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	var x reflect.Value
 	var err error
 
-	if !(d.skipUntilTable && expr.Kind == ast.KeyValue) {
+	if !(d.skipUntilTable && expr.Kind == unstable.KeyValue) {
 		err = d.seen.CheckExpression(expr)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -251,16 +251,16 @@ func (d *decoder) handleRootExpression(expr *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	}
 
 	switch expr.Kind {
-	case ast.KeyValue:
+	case unstable.KeyValue:
 		if d.skipUntilTable {
 			return nil
 		}
 		x, err = d.handleKeyValue(expr, v)
-	case ast.Table:
+	case unstable.Table:
 		d.skipUntilTable = false
 		d.strict.EnterTable(expr)
 		x, err = d.handleTable(expr.Key(), v)
-	case ast.ArrayTable:
+	case unstable.ArrayTable:
 		d.skipUntilTable = false
 		d.strict.EnterArrayTable(expr)
 		x, err = d.handleArrayTable(expr.Key(), v)
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleRootExpression(expr *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	}
 
 	if d.skipUntilTable {
-		if expr.Kind == ast.Table || expr.Kind == ast.ArrayTable {
+		if expr.Kind == unstable.Table || expr.Kind == unstable.ArrayTable {
 			d.strict.MissingTable(expr)
 		}
 	} else if err == nil && x.IsValid() {
@@ -279,14 +279,14 @@ func (d *decoder) handleRootExpression(expr *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleArrayTable(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleArrayTable(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	if key.Next() {
 		return d.handleArrayTablePart(key, v)
 	}
 	return d.handleKeyValues(v)
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollectionLast(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollectionLast(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	switch v.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Interface:
 		elem := v.Elem()
@@ -322,10 +322,12 @@ func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollectionLast(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Val
 		return v, nil
 	case reflect.Slice:
 		elemType := v.Type().Elem()
+		var elem reflect.Value
 		if elemType.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
-			elemType = mapStringInterfaceType
+			elem = makeMapStringInterface()
+		} else {
+			elem = reflect.New(elemType).Elem()
 		}
-		elem := reflect.New(elemType).Elem()
 		elem2, err := d.handleArrayTable(key, elem)
 		if err != nil {
 			return reflect.Value{}, err
@@ -337,21 +339,21 @@ func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollectionLast(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Val
 	case reflect.Array:
 		idx := d.arrayIndex(true, v)
 		if idx >= v.Len() {
-			return v, fmt.Errorf("toml: cannot decode array table into %s at position %d", v.Type(), idx)
+			return v, fmt.Errorf("%s at position %d", d.typeMismatchError("array table", v.Type()), idx)
 		}
 		elem := v.Index(idx)
 		_, err := d.handleArrayTable(key, elem)
 		return v, err
+	default:
+		return reflect.Value{}, d.typeMismatchError("array table", v.Type())
 	}
-
-	return d.handleArrayTable(key, v)
 }
 
 // When parsing an array table expression, each part of the key needs to be
 // evaluated like a normal key, but if it returns a collection, it also needs to
 // point to the last element of the collection. Unless it is the last part of
 // the key, then it needs to create a new element at the end.
-func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollection(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollection(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	if key.IsLast() {
 		return d.handleArrayTableCollectionLast(key, v)
 	}
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollection(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value)
 	case reflect.Array:
 		idx := d.arrayIndex(false, v)
 		if idx >= v.Len() {
-			return v, fmt.Errorf("toml: cannot decode array table into %s at position %d", v.Type(), idx)
+			return v, fmt.Errorf("%s at position %d", d.typeMismatchError("array table", v.Type()), idx)
 		}
 		elem := v.Index(idx)
 		_, err := d.handleArrayTable(key, elem)
@@ -398,7 +400,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleArrayTableCollection(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value)
 	return d.handleArrayTable(key, v)
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleKeyPart(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value, nextFn handlerFn, makeFn valueMakerFn) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleKeyPart(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value, nextFn handlerFn, makeFn valueMakerFn) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	var rv reflect.Value
 
 	// First, dispatch over v to make sure it is a valid object.
@@ -481,7 +483,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyPart(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value, nextFn handle
 		d.errorContext.Struct = t
 		d.errorContext.Field = path
 
-		f := v.FieldByIndex(path)
+		f := fieldByIndex(v, path)
 		x, err := nextFn(key, f)
 		if err != nil || d.skipUntilTable {
 			return reflect.Value{}, err
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyPart(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value, nextFn handle
 // HandleArrayTablePart navigates the Go structure v using the key v. It is
 // only used for the prefix (non-last) parts of an array-table. When
 // encountering a collection, it should go to the last element.
-func (d *decoder) handleArrayTablePart(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleArrayTablePart(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	var makeFn valueMakerFn
 	if key.IsLast() {
 		makeFn = makeSliceInterface
@@ -528,10 +530,10 @@ func (d *decoder) handleArrayTablePart(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (refle
 
 // HandleTable returns a reference when it has checked the next expression but
 // cannot handle it.
-func (d *decoder) handleTable(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleTable(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
 		if v.Len() == 0 {
-			return reflect.Value{}, newDecodeError(key.Node().Data, "cannot store a table in a slice")
+			return reflect.Value{}, unstable.NewParserError(key.Node().Data, "cannot store a table in a slice")
 		}
 		elem := v.Index(v.Len() - 1)
 		x, err := d.handleTable(key, elem)
@@ -558,7 +560,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyValues(v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	var rv reflect.Value
 	for d.nextExpr() {
 		expr := d.expr()
-		if expr.Kind != ast.KeyValue {
+		if expr.Kind != unstable.KeyValue {
 			// Stash the expression so that fromParser can just loop and use
 			// the right handler.
 			// We could just recurse ourselves here, but at least this gives a
@@ -585,7 +587,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyValues(v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 }
 
 type (
-	handlerFn    func(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error)
+	handlerFn    func(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error)
 	valueMakerFn func() reflect.Value
 )
 
@@ -597,11 +599,11 @@ func makeSliceInterface() reflect.Value {
 	return reflect.MakeSlice(sliceInterfaceType, 0, 16)
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleTablePart(key ast.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleTablePart(key unstable.Iterator, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	return d.handleKeyPart(key, v, d.handleTable, makeMapStringInterface)
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) tryTextUnmarshaler(node *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (bool, error) {
+func (d *decoder) tryTextUnmarshaler(node *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) (bool, error) {
 	// Special case for time, because we allow to unmarshal to it from
 	// different kind of AST nodes.
 	if v.Type() == timeType {
@@ -611,7 +613,7 @@ func (d *decoder) tryTextUnmarshaler(node *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (bool, err
 	if v.CanAddr() && v.Addr().Type().Implements(textUnmarshalerType) {
 		err := v.Addr().Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler).UnmarshalText(node.Data)
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, newDecodeError(d.p.Raw(node.Raw), "%w", err)
+			return false, unstable.NewParserError(d.p.Raw(node.Raw), "%w", err)
 		}
 
 		return true, nil
@@ -620,7 +622,7 @@ func (d *decoder) tryTextUnmarshaler(node *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (bool, err
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleValue(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) handleValue(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	for v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 		v = initAndDereferencePointer(v)
 	}
@@ -631,32 +633,32 @@ func (d *decoder) handleValue(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	}
 
 	switch value.Kind {
-	case ast.String:
+	case unstable.String:
 		return d.unmarshalString(value, v)
-	case ast.Integer:
+	case unstable.Integer:
 		return d.unmarshalInteger(value, v)
-	case ast.Float:
+	case unstable.Float:
 		return d.unmarshalFloat(value, v)
-	case ast.Bool:
+	case unstable.Bool:
 		return d.unmarshalBool(value, v)
-	case ast.DateTime:
+	case unstable.DateTime:
 		return d.unmarshalDateTime(value, v)
-	case ast.LocalDate:
+	case unstable.LocalDate:
 		return d.unmarshalLocalDate(value, v)
-	case ast.LocalTime:
+	case unstable.LocalTime:
 		return d.unmarshalLocalTime(value, v)
-	case ast.LocalDateTime:
+	case unstable.LocalDateTime:
 		return d.unmarshalLocalDateTime(value, v)
-	case ast.InlineTable:
+	case unstable.InlineTable:
 		return d.unmarshalInlineTable(value, v)
-	case ast.Array:
+	case unstable.Array:
 		return d.unmarshalArray(value, v)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("handleValue not implemented for %s", value.Kind))
 	}
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalArray(array *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalArray(array *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	switch v.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Slice:
 		if v.IsNil() {
@@ -727,7 +729,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalArray(array *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalInlineTable(itable *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalInlineTable(itable *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	// Make sure v is an initialized object.
 	switch v.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Map:
@@ -744,7 +746,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalInlineTable(itable *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error
 		}
 		return d.unmarshalInlineTable(itable, elem)
 	default:
-		return newDecodeError(itable.Data, "cannot store inline table in Go type %s", v.Kind())
+		return unstable.NewParserError(d.p.Raw(itable.Raw), "cannot store inline table in Go type %s", v.Kind())
 	}
 
 	it := itable.Children()
@@ -763,7 +765,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalInlineTable(itable *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalDateTime(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalDateTime(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	dt, err := parseDateTime(value.Data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -773,7 +775,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalDateTime(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalDate(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalDate(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	ld, err := parseLocalDate(value.Data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -790,28 +792,28 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalDate(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalTime(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalTime(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	lt, rest, err := parseLocalTime(value.Data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	if len(rest) > 0 {
-		return newDecodeError(rest, "extra characters at the end of a local time")
+		return unstable.NewParserError(rest, "extra characters at the end of a local time")
 	}
 
 	v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(lt))
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalDateTime(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalDateTime(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	ldt, rest, err := parseLocalDateTime(value.Data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	if len(rest) > 0 {
-		return newDecodeError(rest, "extra characters at the end of a local date time")
+		return unstable.NewParserError(rest, "extra characters at the end of a local date time")
 	}
 
 	if v.Type() == timeType {
@@ -826,7 +828,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalLocalDateTime(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalBool(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalBool(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	b := value.Data[0] == 't'
 
 	switch v.Kind() {
@@ -835,13 +837,13 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalBool(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	case reflect.Interface:
 		v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(b))
 	default:
-		return newDecodeError(value.Data, "cannot assign boolean to a %t", b)
+		return unstable.NewParserError(value.Data, "cannot assign boolean to a %t", b)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalFloat(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalFloat(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	f, err := parseFloat(value.Data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -852,23 +854,43 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalFloat(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 		v.SetFloat(f)
 	case reflect.Float32:
 		if f > math.MaxFloat32 {
-			return newDecodeError(value.Data, "number %f does not fit in a float32", f)
+			return unstable.NewParserError(value.Data, "number %f does not fit in a float32", f)
 		}
 		v.SetFloat(f)
 	case reflect.Interface:
 		v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(f))
 	default:
-		return newDecodeError(value.Data, "float cannot be assigned to %s", v.Kind())
+		return unstable.NewParserError(value.Data, "float cannot be assigned to %s", v.Kind())
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalInteger(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
-	const (
-		maxInt = int64(^uint(0) >> 1)
-		minInt = -maxInt - 1
-	)
+const (
+	maxInt = int64(^uint(0) >> 1)
+	minInt = -maxInt - 1
+)
+
+// Maximum value of uint for decoding. Currently the decoder parses the integer
+// into an int64. As a result, on architectures where uint is 64 bits, the
+// effective maximum uint we can decode is the maximum of int64. On
+// architectures where uint is 32 bits, the maximum value we can decode is
+// lower: the maximum of uint32. I didn't find a way to figure out this value at
+// compile time, so it is computed during initialization.
+var maxUint int64 = math.MaxInt64
+
+func init() {
+	m := uint64(^uint(0))
+	if m < uint64(maxUint) {
+		maxUint = int64(m)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalInteger(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+	kind := v.Kind()
+	if kind == reflect.Float32 || kind == reflect.Float64 {
+		return d.unmarshalFloat(value, v)
+	}
 
 	i, err := parseInteger(value.Data)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -877,7 +899,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalInteger(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 
 	var r reflect.Value
 
-	switch v.Kind() {
+	switch kind {
 	case reflect.Int64:
 		v.SetInt(i)
 		return nil
@@ -930,7 +952,7 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalInteger(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 
 		r = reflect.ValueOf(uint8(i))
 	case reflect.Uint:
-		if i < 0 {
+		if i < 0 || i > maxUint {
 			return fmt.Errorf("toml: negative number %d does not fit in an uint", i)
 		}
 
@@ -950,20 +972,20 @@ func (d *decoder) unmarshalInteger(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) unmarshalString(value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
+func (d *decoder) unmarshalString(value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) error {
 	switch v.Kind() {
 	case reflect.String:
 		v.SetString(string(value.Data))
 	case reflect.Interface:
 		v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(string(value.Data)))
 	default:
-		return newDecodeError(d.p.Raw(value.Raw), "cannot store TOML string into a Go %s", v.Kind())
+		return unstable.NewParserError(d.p.Raw(value.Raw), "cannot store TOML string into a Go %s", v.Kind())
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleKeyValue(expr *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleKeyValue(expr *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	d.strict.EnterKeyValue(expr)
 
 	v, err := d.handleKeyValueInner(expr.Key(), expr.Value(), v)
@@ -977,7 +999,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyValue(expr *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value
 	return v, err
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleKeyValueInner(key ast.Iterator, value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleKeyValueInner(key unstable.Iterator, value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	if key.Next() {
 		// Still scoping the key
 		return d.handleKeyValuePart(key, value, v)
@@ -987,7 +1009,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyValueInner(key ast.Iterator, value *ast.Node, v refle
 	return reflect.Value{}, d.handleValue(value, v)
 }
 
-func (d *decoder) handleKeyValuePart(key ast.Iterator, value *ast.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (d *decoder) handleKeyValuePart(key unstable.Iterator, value *unstable.Node, v reflect.Value) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	// contains the replacement for v
 	var rv reflect.Value
 
@@ -1017,15 +1039,9 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyValuePart(key ast.Iterator, value *ast.Node, v reflec
 
 		mv := v.MapIndex(mk)
 		set := false
-		if !mv.IsValid() {
+		if !mv.IsValid() || key.IsLast() {
 			set = true
 			mv = reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()).Elem()
-		} else {
-			if key.IsLast() {
-				var x interface{}
-				mv = reflect.ValueOf(&x).Elem()
-				set = true
-			}
 		}
 
 		nv, err := d.handleKeyValueInner(key, value, mv)
@@ -1054,7 +1070,7 @@ func (d *decoder) handleKeyValuePart(key ast.Iterator, value *ast.Node, v reflec
 		d.errorContext.Struct = t
 		d.errorContext.Field = path
 
-		f := v.FieldByIndex(path)
+		f := fieldByIndex(v, path)
 		x, err := d.handleKeyValueInner(key, value, f)
 		if err != nil {
 			return reflect.Value{}, err
@@ -1118,6 +1134,21 @@ func initAndDereferencePointer(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
 	return elem
 }
 
+// Same as reflect.Value.FieldByIndex, but creates pointers if needed.
+func fieldByIndex(v reflect.Value, path []int) reflect.Value {
+	for i, x := range path {
+		v = v.Field(x)
+
+		if i < len(path)-1 && v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			if v.IsNil() {
+				v.Set(reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()))
+			}
+			v = v.Elem()
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
 type fieldPathsMap = map[string][]int
 
 var globalFieldPathsCache atomic.Value // map[danger.TypeID]fieldPathsMap
@@ -1165,11 +1196,6 @@ func forEachField(t reflect.Type, path []int, do func(name string, path []int))
 		fieldPath := append(path, i)
 		fieldPath = fieldPath[:len(fieldPath):len(fieldPath)]
 
-		if f.Anonymous {
-			forEachField(f.Type, fieldPath, do)
-			continue
-		}
-
 		name := f.Tag.Get("toml")
 		if name == "-" {
 			continue
@@ -1178,6 +1204,19 @@ func forEachField(t reflect.Type, path []int, do func(name string, path []int))
 		if i := strings.IndexByte(name, ','); i >= 0 {
 			name = name[:i]
 		}
+
+		if f.Anonymous && name == "" {
+			t2 := f.Type
+			if t2.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				t2 = t2.Elem()
+			}
+
+			if t2.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				forEachField(t2, fieldPath, do)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		if name == "" {
 			name = f.Name
 		}

unmarshaler_test.go

@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ wibble = 'wobble'
 [foo]
 
 [foo.bar]
-huey = 'dewey'			
+huey = 'dewey'
 			`,
 			gen: func() test {
 				m := map[string]interface{}{}
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ B = "data"`,
 								"Name": "Hammer",
 								"Sku":  int64(738594937),
 							},
-							map[string]interface{}(nil),
+							map[string]interface{}{},
 							map[string]interface{}{
 								"Name":  "Nail",
 								"Sku":   int64(284758393),
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ B = "data"`,
 					target: &map[string]interface{}{},
 					expected: &map[string]interface{}{
 						"products": []interface{}{
-							map[string]interface{}(nil),
+							map[string]interface{}{},
 						},
 					},
 				}
@@ -1735,6 +1735,28 @@ B = "data"`,
 				}
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			desc:  "kv that points to a slice",
+			input: "a.b.c = 'foo'",
+			gen: func() test {
+				doc := map[string][]string{}
+				return test{
+					target: &doc,
+					err:    true,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			desc:  "kv that points to a pointer to a slice",
+			input: "a.b.c = 'foo'",
+			gen: func() test {
+				doc := map[string]*[]string{}
+				return test{
+					target: &doc,
+					err:    true,
+				}
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, e := range examples {
@@ -1876,8 +1898,7 @@ key2 = "missing2"
 key3 = "missing3"
 key4 = "value4"
 `,
-			expected: `
-2| key1 = "value1"
+			expected: `2| key1 = "value1"
 3| key2 = "missing2"
  | ~~~~ missing field
 4| key3 = "missing3"
@@ -1887,8 +1908,7 @@ key4 = "value4"
 3| key2 = "missing2"
 4| key3 = "missing3"
  | ~~~~ missing field
-5| key4 = "value4"
-`,
+5| key4 = "value4"`,
 			target: &struct {
 				Key1 string
 				Key4 string
@@ -1897,10 +1917,8 @@ key4 = "value4"
 		{
 			desc:  "multi-part key",
 			input: `a.short.key="foo"`,
-			expected: `
-1| a.short.key="foo"
- | ~~~~~~~~~~~ missing field
-`,
+			expected: `1| a.short.key="foo"
+ | ~~~~~~~~~~~ missing field`,
 		},
 		{
 			desc: "missing table",
@@ -1908,24 +1926,19 @@ key4 = "value4"
 [foo]
 bar = 42
 `,
-			expected: `
-2| [foo]
+			expected: `2| [foo]
  |  ~~~ missing table
-3| bar = 42
-`,
+3| bar = 42`,
 		},
 
 		{
 			desc: "missing array table",
 			input: `
 [[foo]]
-bar = 42
-`,
-			expected: `
-2| [[foo]]
+bar = 42`,
+			expected: `2| [[foo]]
  |   ~~~ missing table
-3| bar = 42
-`,
+3| bar = 42`,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -1944,7 +1957,7 @@ bar = 42
 
 				var tsm *toml.StrictMissingError
 				if errors.As(err, &tsm) {
-					equalStringsIgnoreNewlines(t, e.expected, tsm.String())
+					assert.Equal(t, e.expected, tsm.String())
 				} else {
 					t.Fatalf("err should have been a *toml.StrictMissingError, but got %s (%T)", err, err)
 				}
@@ -2380,6 +2393,100 @@ func TestIssue714(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestIssue772(t *testing.T) {
+	type FileHandling struct {
+		FilePattern string `toml:"pattern"`
+	}
+
+	type Config struct {
+		FileHandling `toml:"filehandling"`
+	}
+
+	var defaultConfigFile = []byte(`
+		[filehandling]
+		pattern = "reach-masterdev-"`)
+
+	config := Config{}
+	err := toml.Unmarshal(defaultConfigFile, &config)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "reach-masterdev-", config.FileHandling.FilePattern)
+}
+
+func TestIssue774(t *testing.T) {
+	type ScpData struct {
+		Host string `json:"host"`
+	}
+
+	type GenConfig struct {
+		SCP []ScpData `toml:"scp" comment:"Array of Secure Copy Configurations"`
+	}
+
+	c := &GenConfig{}
+	c.SCP = []ScpData{{Host: "main.domain.com"}}
+
+	b, err := toml.Marshal(c)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	expected := `# Array of Secure Copy Configurations
+[[scp]]
+Host = 'main.domain.com'
+`
+
+	require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
+}
+
+func TestIssue799(t *testing.T) {
+	const testTOML = `
+# notice the double brackets
+[[test]]
+answer = 42
+`
+
+	var s struct {
+		// should be []map[string]int
+		Test map[string]int `toml:"test"`
+	}
+
+	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(testTOML), &s)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestIssue807(t *testing.T) {
+	type A struct {
+		Name string `toml:"name"`
+	}
+
+	type M struct {
+		*A
+	}
+
+	var m M
+	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(`name = 'foo'`), &m)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "foo", m.Name)
+}
+
+func TestIssue850(t *testing.T) {
+	data := make(map[string]string)
+	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte("foo = {}"), &data)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestIssue851(t *testing.T) {
+	type Target struct {
+		Params map[string]string `toml:"params"`
+	}
+
+	content := "params = {a=\"1\",b=\"2\"}"
+	var target Target
+	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(content), &target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a": "1", "b": "2"}, target.Params)
+	err = toml.Unmarshal([]byte(content), &target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"a": "1", "b": "2"}, target.Params)
+}
+
 func TestUnmarshalDecodeErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	examples := []struct {
 		desc string
@@ -2656,7 +2763,7 @@ world'`,
 			data: "a = \"aaaa\xE2\x80\x00\"",
 		},
 		{
-			desc: "invalid 4rd byte of 4-byte utf8 character in string with no escape sequence",
+			desc: "invalid 4th byte of 4-byte utf8 character in string with no escape sequence",
 			data: "a = \"aaaa\xF2\x81\x81\x00\"",
 		},
 		{
@@ -2672,7 +2779,7 @@ world'`,
 			data: "a = 'aaaa\xE2\x80\x00'",
 		},
 		{
-			desc: "invalid 4rd byte of 4-byte utf8 character in literal string",
+			desc: "invalid 4th byte of 4-byte utf8 character in literal string",
 			data: "a = 'aaaa\xF2\x81\x81\x00'",
 		},
 		{
@@ -2831,6 +2938,36 @@ world'`,
 	}
 }
 
+func TestOmitEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	type inner struct {
+		private string
+		Skip    string `toml:"-"`
+		V       string
+	}
+
+	type elem struct {
+		Foo   string `toml:",omitempty"`
+		Bar   string `toml:",omitempty"`
+		Inner inner  `toml:",omitempty"`
+	}
+
+	type doc struct {
+		X []elem `toml:",inline"`
+	}
+
+	d := doc{X: []elem{elem{
+		Foo: "test",
+		Inner: inner{
+			V: "alue",
+		},
+	}}}
+
+	b, err := toml.Marshal(d)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, "X = [{Foo = 'test', Inner = {V = 'alue'}}]\n", string(b))
+}
+
 func TestUnmarshalTags(t *testing.T) {
 	type doc struct {
 		Dash   string `toml:"-,"`
@@ -3172,3 +3309,16 @@ func TestUnmarshal_RecursiveTableArray(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestUnmarshalEmbedNonString(t *testing.T) {
+	type Foo []byte
+	type doc struct {
+		Foo
+	}
+
+	d := doc{}
+
+	err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(`foo = 'bar'`), &d)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, d.Foo)
+}

unstable/ast.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package ast
+package unstable
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/danger"
 )
 
-// Iterator starts uninitialized, you need to call Next() first.
+// Iterator over a sequence of nodes.
+//
+// Starts uninitialized, you need to call Next() first.
 //
 // For example:
 //
-// it := n.Children()
-// for it.Next() {
-// 		it.Node()
-// }
+//	it := n.Children()
+//	for it.Next() {
+//		n := it.Node()
+//		// do something with n
+//	}
 type Iterator struct {
 	started bool
 	node    *Node
@@ -32,42 +35,31 @@ func (c *Iterator) Next() bool {
 }
 
 // IsLast returns true if the current node of the iterator is the last
-// one.  Subsequent call to Next() will return false.
+// one.  Subsequent calls to Next() will return false.
 func (c *Iterator) IsLast() bool {
 	return c.node.next == 0
 }
 
-// Node returns a copy of the node pointed at by the iterator.
+// Node returns a pointer to the node pointed at by the iterator.
 func (c *Iterator) Node() *Node {
 	return c.node
 }
 
-// Root contains a full AST.
+// Node in a TOML expression AST.
 //
-// It is immutable once constructed with Builder.
-type Root struct {
-	nodes []Node
-}
-
-// Iterator over the top level nodes.
-func (r *Root) Iterator() Iterator {
-	it := Iterator{}
-	if len(r.nodes) > 0 {
-		it.node = &r.nodes[0]
-	}
-	return it
-}
-
-func (r *Root) at(idx Reference) *Node {
-	return &r.nodes[idx]
-}
-
-// Arrays have one child per element in the array.  InlineTables have
-// one child per key-value pair in the table.  KeyValues have at least
-// two children. The first one is the value. The rest make a
-// potentially dotted key.  Table and Array table have one child per
-// element of the key they represent (same as KeyValue, but without
-// the last node being the value).
+// Depending on Kind, its sequence of children should be interpreted
+// differently.
+//
+//   - Array have one child per element in the array.
+//   - InlineTable have one child per key-value in the table (each of kind
+//     InlineTable).
+//   - KeyValue have at least two children. The first one is the value. The rest
+//     make a potentially dotted key.
+//   - Table and ArrayTable's children represent a dotted key (same as
+//     KeyValue, but without the first node being the value).
+//
+// When relevant, Raw describes the range of bytes this node is referring to in
+// the input document. Use Parser.Raw() to retrieve the actual bytes.
 type Node struct {
 	Kind Kind
 	Raw  Range  // Raw bytes from the input.
@@ -80,13 +72,13 @@ type Node struct {
 	child int // 0 if no child
 }
 
+// Range of bytes in the document.
 type Range struct {
 	Offset uint32
 	Length uint32
 }
 
-// Next returns a copy of the next node, or an invalid Node if there
-// is no next node.
+// Next returns a pointer to the next node, or nil if there is no next node.
 func (n *Node) Next() *Node {
 	if n.next == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -96,9 +88,9 @@ func (n *Node) Next() *Node {
 	return (*Node)(danger.Stride(ptr, size, n.next))
 }
 
-// Child returns a copy of the first child node of this node. Other
-// children can be accessed calling Next on the first child.  Returns
-// an invalid Node if there is none.
+// Child returns a pointer to the first child node of this node. Other children
+// can be accessed calling Next on the first child.  Returns an nil if this Node
+// has no child.
 func (n *Node) Child() *Node {
 	if n.child == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -113,9 +105,9 @@ func (n *Node) Valid() bool {
 	return n != nil
 }
 
-// Key returns the child nodes making the Key on a supported
-// node. Panics otherwise.  They are guaranteed to be all be of the
-// Kind Key. A simple key would return just one element.
+// Key returns the children nodes making the Key on a supported node. Panics
+// otherwise.  They are guaranteed to be all be of the Kind Key. A simple key
+// would return just one element.
 func (n *Node) Key() Iterator {
 	switch n.Kind {
 	case KeyValue:

unstable/benchmark_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package toml
+package unstable
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func BenchmarkParseLiteralStringValid(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for name, input := range inputs {
 		b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			p := parser{}
+			p := Parser{}
 			b.SetBytes(int64(len(input)))
 			b.ReportAllocs()
 			b.ResetTimer()

unstable/builder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package unstable
+
+// root contains a full AST.
+//
+// It is immutable once constructed with Builder.
+type root struct {
+	nodes []Node
+}
+
+// Iterator over the top level nodes.
+func (r *root) Iterator() Iterator {
+	it := Iterator{}
+	if len(r.nodes) > 0 {
+		it.node = &r.nodes[0]
+	}
+	return it
+}
+
+func (r *root) at(idx reference) *Node {
+	return &r.nodes[idx]
+}
+
+type reference int
+
+const invalidReference reference = -1
+
+func (r reference) Valid() bool {
+	return r != invalidReference
+}
+
+type builder struct {
+	tree    root
+	lastIdx int
+}
+
+func (b *builder) Tree() *root {
+	return &b.tree
+}
+
+func (b *builder) NodeAt(ref reference) *Node {
+	return b.tree.at(ref)
+}
+
+func (b *builder) Reset() {
+	b.tree.nodes = b.tree.nodes[:0]
+	b.lastIdx = 0
+}
+
+func (b *builder) Push(n Node) reference {
+	b.lastIdx = len(b.tree.nodes)
+	b.tree.nodes = append(b.tree.nodes, n)
+	return reference(b.lastIdx)
+}
+
+func (b *builder) PushAndChain(n Node) reference {
+	newIdx := len(b.tree.nodes)
+	b.tree.nodes = append(b.tree.nodes, n)
+	if b.lastIdx >= 0 {
+		b.tree.nodes[b.lastIdx].next = newIdx - b.lastIdx
+	}
+	b.lastIdx = newIdx
+	return reference(b.lastIdx)
+}
+
+func (b *builder) AttachChild(parent reference, child reference) {
+	b.tree.nodes[parent].child = int(child) - int(parent)
+}
+
+func (b *builder) Chain(from reference, to reference) {
+	b.tree.nodes[from].next = int(to) - int(from)
+}

unstable/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Package unstable provides APIs that do not meet the backward compatibility
+// guarantees yet.
+package unstable

unstable/kind.go

@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
-package ast
+package unstable
 
 import "fmt"
 
+// Kind represents the type of TOML structure contained in a given Node.
 type Kind int
 
 const (
-	// meta
+	// Meta
 	Invalid Kind = iota
 	Comment
 	Key
 
-	// top level structures
+	// Top level structures
 	Table
 	ArrayTable
 	KeyValue
 
-	// containers values
+	// Containers values
 	Array
 	InlineTable
 
-	// values
+	// Values
 	String
 	Bool
 	Float
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ const (
 	DateTime
 )
 
+// String implementation of fmt.Stringer.
 func (k Kind) String() string {
 	switch k {
 	case Invalid:

unstable/parser.go

@@ -1,50 +1,108 @@
-package toml
+package unstable
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"unicode"
 
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/ast"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/characters"
 	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/danger"
 )
 
-type parser struct {
-	builder ast.Builder
-	ref     ast.Reference
+// ParserError describes an error relative to the content of the document.
+//
+// It cannot outlive the instance of Parser it refers to, and may cause panics
+// if the parser is reset.
+type ParserError struct {
+	Highlight []byte
+	Message   string
+	Key       []string // optional
+}
+
+// Error is the implementation of the error interface.
+func (e *ParserError) Error() string {
+	return e.Message
+}
+
+// NewParserError is a convenience function to create a ParserError
+//
+// Warning: Highlight needs to be a subslice of Parser.data, so only slices
+// returned by Parser.Raw are valid candidates.
+func NewParserError(highlight []byte, format string, args ...interface{}) error {
+	return &ParserError{
+		Highlight: highlight,
+		Message:   fmt.Errorf(format, args...).Error(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Parser scans over a TOML-encoded document and generates an iterative AST.
+//
+// To prime the Parser, first reset it with the contents of a TOML document.
+// Then, process all top-level expressions sequentially. See Example.
+//
+// Don't forget to check Error() after you're done parsing.
+//
+// Each top-level expression needs to be fully processed before calling
+// NextExpression() again. Otherwise, calls to various Node methods may panic if
+// the parser has moved on the next expression.
+//
+// For performance reasons, go-toml doesn't make a copy of the input bytes to
+// the parser. Make sure to copy all the bytes you need to outlive the slice
+// given to the parser.
+//
+// The parser doesn't provide nodes for comments yet, nor for whitespace.
+type Parser struct {
 	data    []byte
+	builder builder
+	ref     reference
 	left    []byte
 	err     error
 	first   bool
 }
 
-func (p *parser) Range(b []byte) ast.Range {
-	return ast.Range{
+// Data returns the slice provided to the last call to Reset.
+func (p *Parser) Data() []byte {
+	return p.data
+}
+
+// Range returns a range description that corresponds to a given slice of the
+// input. If the argument is not a subslice of the parser input, this function
+// panics.
+func (p *Parser) Range(b []byte) Range {
+	return Range{
 		Offset: uint32(danger.SubsliceOffset(p.data, b)),
 		Length: uint32(len(b)),
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *parser) Raw(raw ast.Range) []byte {
+// Raw returns the slice corresponding to the bytes in the given range.
+func (p *Parser) Raw(raw Range) []byte {
 	return p.data[raw.Offset : raw.Offset+raw.Length]
 }
 
-func (p *parser) Reset(b []byte) {
+// Reset brings the parser to its initial state for a given input. It wipes an
+// reuses internal storage to reduce allocation.
+func (p *Parser) Reset(b []byte) {
 	p.builder.Reset()
-	p.ref = ast.InvalidReference
+	p.ref = invalidReference
 	p.data = b
 	p.left = b
 	p.err = nil
 	p.first = true
 }
 
-//nolint:cyclop
-func (p *parser) NextExpression() bool {
+// NextExpression parses the next top-level expression. If an expression was
+// successfully parsed, it returns true. If the parser is at the end of the
+// document or an error occurred, it returns false.
+//
+// Retrieve the parsed expression with Expression().
+func (p *Parser) NextExpression() bool {
 	if len(p.left) == 0 || p.err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 
 	p.builder.Reset()
-	p.ref = ast.InvalidReference
+	p.ref = invalidReference
 
 	for {
 		if len(p.left) == 0 || p.err != nil {
@@ -73,15 +131,18 @@ func (p *parser) NextExpression() bool {
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *parser) Expression() *ast.Node {
+// Expression returns a pointer to the node representing the last successfully
+// parsed expression.
+func (p *Parser) Expression() *Node {
 	return p.builder.NodeAt(p.ref)
 }
 
-func (p *parser) Error() error {
+// Error returns any error that has occurred during parsing.
+func (p *Parser) Error() error {
 	return p.err
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if b[0] == '\n' {
 		return b[1:], nil
 	}
@@ -91,14 +152,14 @@ func (p *parser) parseNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 		return rest, err
 	}
 
-	return nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "expected newline but got %#U", b[0])
+	return nil, NewParserError(b[0:1], "expected newline but got %#U", b[0])
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseExpression(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseExpression(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// expression =  ws [ comment ]
 	// expression =/ ws keyval ws [ comment ]
 	// expression =/ ws table ws [ comment ]
-	ref := ast.InvalidReference
+	ref := invalidReference
 
 	b = p.parseWhitespace(b)
 
@@ -136,7 +197,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseExpression(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	return ref, b, nil
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseTable(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// table = std-table / array-table
 	if len(b) > 1 && b[1] == '[' {
 		return p.parseArrayTable(b)
@@ -145,12 +206,12 @@ func (p *parser) parseTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	return p.parseStdTable(b)
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseArrayTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseArrayTable(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// array-table = array-table-open key array-table-close
 	// array-table-open  = %x5B.5B ws  ; [[ Double left square bracket
 	// array-table-close = ws %x5D.5D  ; ]] Double right square bracket
-	ref := p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-		Kind: ast.ArrayTable,
+	ref := p.builder.Push(Node{
+		Kind: ArrayTable,
 	})
 
 	b = b[2:]
@@ -174,12 +235,12 @@ func (p *parser) parseArrayTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	return ref, b, err
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseStdTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseStdTable(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// std-table = std-table-open key std-table-close
 	// std-table-open  = %x5B ws     ; [ Left square bracket
 	// std-table-close = ws %x5D     ; ] Right square bracket
-	ref := p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-		Kind: ast.Table,
+	ref := p.builder.Push(Node{
+		Kind: Table,
 	})
 
 	b = b[1:]
@@ -199,15 +260,15 @@ func (p *parser) parseStdTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	return ref, b, err
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseKeyval(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseKeyval(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// keyval = key keyval-sep val
-	ref := p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-		Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+	ref := p.builder.Push(Node{
+		Kind: KeyValue,
 	})
 
 	key, b, err := p.parseKey(b)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ast.InvalidReference, nil, err
+		return invalidReference, nil, err
 	}
 
 	// keyval-sep = ws %x3D ws ; =
@@ -215,12 +276,12 @@ func (p *parser) parseKeyval(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	b = p.parseWhitespace(b)
 
 	if len(b) == 0 {
-		return ast.InvalidReference, nil, newDecodeError(b, "expected = after a key, but the document ends there")
+		return invalidReference, nil, NewParserError(b, "expected = after a key, but the document ends there")
 	}
 
 	b, err = expect('=', b)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ast.InvalidReference, nil, err
+		return invalidReference, nil, err
 	}
 
 	b = p.parseWhitespace(b)
@@ -237,12 +298,12 @@ func (p *parser) parseKeyval(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 }
 
 //nolint:cyclop,funlen
-func (p *parser) parseVal(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseVal(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// val = string / boolean / array / inline-table / date-time / float / integer
-	ref := ast.InvalidReference
+	ref := invalidReference
 
 	if len(b) == 0 {
-		return ref, nil, newDecodeError(b, "expected value, not eof")
+		return ref, nil, NewParserError(b, "expected value, not eof")
 	}
 
 	var err error
@@ -259,8 +320,8 @@ func (p *parser) parseVal(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 		}
 
 		if err == nil {
-			ref = p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-				Kind: ast.String,
+			ref = p.builder.Push(Node{
+				Kind: String,
 				Raw:  p.Range(raw),
 				Data: v,
 			})
@@ -277,8 +338,8 @@ func (p *parser) parseVal(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 		}
 
 		if err == nil {
-			ref = p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-				Kind: ast.String,
+			ref = p.builder.Push(Node{
+				Kind: String,
 				Raw:  p.Range(raw),
 				Data: v,
 			})
@@ -287,22 +348,22 @@ func (p *parser) parseVal(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 		return ref, b, err
 	case 't':
 		if !scanFollowsTrue(b) {
-			return ref, nil, newDecodeError(atmost(b, 4), "expected 'true'")
+			return ref, nil, NewParserError(atmost(b, 4), "expected 'true'")
 		}
 
-		ref = p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-			Kind: ast.Bool,
+		ref = p.builder.Push(Node{
+			Kind: Bool,
 			Data: b[:4],
 		})
 
 		return ref, b[4:], nil
 	case 'f':
 		if !scanFollowsFalse(b) {
-			return ref, nil, newDecodeError(atmost(b, 5), "expected 'false'")
+			return ref, nil, NewParserError(atmost(b, 5), "expected 'false'")
 		}
 
-		ref = p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-			Kind: ast.Bool,
+		ref = p.builder.Push(Node{
+			Kind: Bool,
 			Data: b[:5],
 		})
 
@@ -324,7 +385,7 @@ func atmost(b []byte, n int) []byte {
 	return b[:n]
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 	v, rest, err := scanLiteralString(b)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
@@ -333,19 +394,20 @@ func (p *parser) parseLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 	return v, v[1 : len(v)-1], rest, nil
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseInlineTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseInlineTable(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// inline-table = inline-table-open [ inline-table-keyvals ] inline-table-close
 	// inline-table-open  = %x7B ws     ; {
 	// inline-table-close = ws %x7D     ; }
 	// inline-table-sep   = ws %x2C ws  ; , Comma
 	// inline-table-keyvals = keyval [ inline-table-sep inline-table-keyvals ]
-	parent := p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-		Kind: ast.InlineTable,
+	parent := p.builder.Push(Node{
+		Kind: InlineTable,
+		Raw:  p.Range(b[:1]),
 	})
 
 	first := true
 
-	var child ast.Reference
+	var child reference
 
 	b = b[1:]
 
@@ -356,7 +418,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseInlineTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 		b = p.parseWhitespace(b)
 
 		if len(b) == 0 {
-			return parent, nil, newDecodeError(previousB[:1], "inline table is incomplete")
+			return parent, nil, NewParserError(previousB[:1], "inline table is incomplete")
 		}
 
 		if b[0] == '}' {
@@ -371,7 +433,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseInlineTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 			b = p.parseWhitespace(b)
 		}
 
-		var kv ast.Reference
+		var kv reference
 
 		kv, b, err = p.parseKeyval(b)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -394,7 +456,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseInlineTable(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 }
 
 //nolint:funlen,cyclop
-func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// array = array-open [ array-values ] ws-comment-newline array-close
 	// array-open =  %x5B ; [
 	// array-close = %x5D ; ]
@@ -405,13 +467,13 @@ func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	arrayStart := b
 	b = b[1:]
 
-	parent := p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-		Kind: ast.Array,
+	parent := p.builder.Push(Node{
+		Kind: Array,
 	})
 
 	first := true
 
-	var lastChild ast.Reference
+	var lastChild reference
 
 	var err error
 	for len(b) > 0 {
@@ -421,7 +483,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 		}
 
 		if len(b) == 0 {
-			return parent, nil, newDecodeError(arrayStart[:1], "array is incomplete")
+			return parent, nil, NewParserError(arrayStart[:1], "array is incomplete")
 		}
 
 		if b[0] == ']' {
@@ -430,7 +492,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 
 		if b[0] == ',' {
 			if first {
-				return parent, nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "array cannot start with comma")
+				return parent, nil, NewParserError(b[0:1], "array cannot start with comma")
 			}
 			b = b[1:]
 
@@ -439,7 +501,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 				return parent, nil, err
 			}
 		} else if !first {
-			return parent, nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "array elements must be separated by commas")
+			return parent, nil, NewParserError(b[0:1], "array elements must be separated by commas")
 		}
 
 		// TOML allows trailing commas in arrays.
@@ -447,7 +509,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 			break
 		}
 
-		var valueRef ast.Reference
+		var valueRef reference
 		valueRef, b, err = p.parseVal(b)
 		if err != nil {
 			return parent, nil, err
@@ -472,7 +534,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseValArray(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	return parent, rest, err
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseOptionalWhitespaceCommentNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseOptionalWhitespaceCommentNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	for len(b) > 0 {
 		var err error
 		b = p.parseWhitespace(b)
@@ -501,7 +563,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseOptionalWhitespaceCommentNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, error)
 	return b, nil
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseMultilineLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseMultilineLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 	token, rest, err := scanMultilineLiteralString(b)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
@@ -520,7 +582,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseMultilineLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte,
 }
 
 //nolint:funlen,gocognit,cyclop
-func (p *parser) parseMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 	// ml-basic-string = ml-basic-string-delim [ newline ] ml-basic-body
 	// ml-basic-string-delim
 	// ml-basic-string-delim = 3quotation-mark
@@ -551,11 +613,11 @@ func (p *parser) parseMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, er
 
 	if !escaped {
 		str := token[startIdx:endIdx]
-		verr := utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(str)
+		verr := characters.Utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(str)
 		if verr.Zero() {
 			return token, str, rest, nil
 		}
-		return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(str[verr.Index:verr.Index+verr.Size], "invalid UTF-8")
+		return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(str[verr.Index:verr.Index+verr.Size], "invalid UTF-8")
 	}
 
 	var builder bytes.Buffer
@@ -635,13 +697,13 @@ func (p *parser) parseMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, er
 				builder.WriteRune(x)
 				i += 8
 			default:
-				return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(token[i:i+1], "invalid escaped character %#U", c)
+				return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(token[i:i+1], "invalid escaped character %#U", c)
 			}
 			i++
 		} else {
-			size := utf8ValidNext(token[i:])
+			size := characters.Utf8ValidNext(token[i:])
 			if size == 0 {
-				return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(token[i:i+1], "invalid character %#U", c)
+				return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(token[i:i+1], "invalid character %#U", c)
 			}
 			builder.Write(token[i : i+size])
 			i += size
@@ -651,7 +713,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, er
 	return token, builder.Bytes(), rest, nil
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseKey(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseKey(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// key = simple-key / dotted-key
 	// simple-key = quoted-key / unquoted-key
 	//
@@ -662,11 +724,11 @@ func (p *parser) parseKey(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	// dot-sep   = ws %x2E ws  ; . Period
 	raw, key, b, err := p.parseSimpleKey(b)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ast.InvalidReference, nil, err
+		return invalidReference, nil, err
 	}
 
-	ref := p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-		Kind: ast.Key,
+	ref := p.builder.Push(Node{
+		Kind: Key,
 		Raw:  p.Range(raw),
 		Data: key,
 	})
@@ -681,8 +743,8 @@ func (p *parser) parseKey(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 				return ref, nil, err
 			}
 
-			p.builder.PushAndChain(ast.Node{
-				Kind: ast.Key,
+			p.builder.PushAndChain(Node{
+				Kind: Key,
 				Raw:  p.Range(raw),
 				Data: key,
 			})
@@ -694,9 +756,9 @@ func (p *parser) parseKey(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 	return ref, b, nil
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseSimpleKey(b []byte) (raw, key, rest []byte, err error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseSimpleKey(b []byte) (raw, key, rest []byte, err error) {
 	if len(b) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(b, "expected key but found none")
+		return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(b, "expected key but found none")
 	}
 
 	// simple-key = quoted-key / unquoted-key
@@ -711,12 +773,12 @@ func (p *parser) parseSimpleKey(b []byte) (raw, key, rest []byte, err error) {
 		key, rest = scanUnquotedKey(b)
 		return key, key, rest, nil
 	default:
-		return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "invalid character at start of key: %c", b[0])
+		return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(b[0:1], "invalid character at start of key: %c", b[0])
 	}
 }
 
 //nolint:funlen,cyclop
-func (p *parser) parseBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 	// basic-string = quotation-mark *basic-char quotation-mark
 	// quotation-mark = %x22            ; "
 	// basic-char = basic-unescaped / escaped
@@ -744,11 +806,11 @@ func (p *parser) parseBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 	// validate the string and return a direct reference to the buffer.
 	if !escaped {
 		str := token[startIdx:endIdx]
-		verr := utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(str)
+		verr := characters.Utf8TomlValidAlreadyEscaped(str)
 		if verr.Zero() {
 			return token, str, rest, nil
 		}
-		return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(str[verr.Index:verr.Index+verr.Size], "invalid UTF-8")
+		return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(str[verr.Index:verr.Index+verr.Size], "invalid UTF-8")
 	}
 
 	i := startIdx
@@ -795,13 +857,13 @@ func (p *parser) parseBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 				builder.WriteRune(x)
 				i += 8
 			default:
-				return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(token[i:i+1], "invalid escaped character %#U", c)
+				return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(token[i:i+1], "invalid escaped character %#U", c)
 			}
 			i++
 		} else {
-			size := utf8ValidNext(token[i:])
+			size := characters.Utf8ValidNext(token[i:])
 			if size == 0 {
-				return nil, nil, nil, newDecodeError(token[i:i+1], "invalid character %#U", c)
+				return nil, nil, nil, NewParserError(token[i:i+1], "invalid character %#U", c)
 			}
 			builder.Write(token[i : i+size])
 			i += size
@@ -813,7 +875,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
 
 func hexToRune(b []byte, length int) (rune, error) {
 	if len(b) < length {
-		return -1, newDecodeError(b, "unicode point needs %d character, not %d", length, len(b))
+		return -1, NewParserError(b, "unicode point needs %d character, not %d", length, len(b))
 	}
 	b = b[:length]
 
@@ -828,19 +890,19 @@ func hexToRune(b []byte, length int) (rune, error) {
 		case 'A' <= c && c <= 'F':
 			d = uint32(c - 'A' + 10)
 		default:
-			return -1, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "non-hex character")
+			return -1, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "non-hex character")
 		}
 		r = r*16 + d
 	}
 
 	if r > unicode.MaxRune || 0xD800 <= r && r < 0xE000 {
-		return -1, newDecodeError(b, "escape sequence is invalid Unicode code point")
+		return -1, NewParserError(b, "escape sequence is invalid Unicode code point")
 	}
 
 	return rune(r), nil
 }
 
-func (p *parser) parseWhitespace(b []byte) []byte {
+func (p *Parser) parseWhitespace(b []byte) []byte {
 	// ws = *wschar
 	// wschar =  %x20  ; Space
 	// wschar =/ %x09  ; Horizontal tab
@@ -850,24 +912,24 @@ func (p *parser) parseWhitespace(b []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 //nolint:cyclop
-func (p *parser) parseIntOrFloatOrDateTime(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) parseIntOrFloatOrDateTime(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	switch b[0] {
 	case 'i':
 		if !scanFollowsInf(b) {
-			return ast.InvalidReference, nil, newDecodeError(atmost(b, 3), "expected 'inf'")
+			return invalidReference, nil, NewParserError(atmost(b, 3), "expected 'inf'")
 		}
 
-		return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-			Kind: ast.Float,
+		return p.builder.Push(Node{
+			Kind: Float,
 			Data: b[:3],
 		}), b[3:], nil
 	case 'n':
 		if !scanFollowsNan(b) {
-			return ast.InvalidReference, nil, newDecodeError(atmost(b, 3), "expected 'nan'")
+			return invalidReference, nil, NewParserError(atmost(b, 3), "expected 'nan'")
 		}
 
-		return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-			Kind: ast.Float,
+		return p.builder.Push(Node{
+			Kind: Float,
 			Data: b[:3],
 		}), b[3:], nil
 	case '+', '-':
@@ -898,7 +960,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseIntOrFloatOrDateTime(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, err
 	return p.scanIntOrFloat(b)
 }
 
-func (p *parser) scanDateTime(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) scanDateTime(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	// scans for contiguous characters in [0-9T:Z.+-], and up to one space if
 	// followed by a digit.
 	hasDate := false
@@ -941,30 +1003,30 @@ byteLoop:
 		}
 	}
 
-	var kind ast.Kind
+	var kind Kind
 
 	if hasTime {
 		if hasDate {
 			if hasTz {
-				kind = ast.DateTime
+				kind = DateTime
 			} else {
-				kind = ast.LocalDateTime
+				kind = LocalDateTime
 			}
 		} else {
-			kind = ast.LocalTime
+			kind = LocalTime
 		}
 	} else {
-		kind = ast.LocalDate
+		kind = LocalDate
 	}
 
-	return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
+	return p.builder.Push(Node{
 		Kind: kind,
 		Data: b[:i],
 	}), b[i:], nil
 }
 
 //nolint:funlen,gocognit,cyclop
-func (p *parser) scanIntOrFloat(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
+func (p *Parser) scanIntOrFloat(b []byte) (reference, []byte, error) {
 	i := 0
 
 	if len(b) > 2 && b[0] == '0' && b[1] != '.' && b[1] != 'e' && b[1] != 'E' {
@@ -990,8 +1052,8 @@ func (p *parser) scanIntOrFloat(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-			Kind: ast.Integer,
+		return p.builder.Push(Node{
+			Kind: Integer,
 			Data: b[:i],
 		}), b[i:], nil
 	}
@@ -1013,40 +1075,40 @@ func (p *parser) scanIntOrFloat(b []byte) (ast.Reference, []byte, error) {
 
 		if c == 'i' {
 			if scanFollowsInf(b[i:]) {
-				return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-					Kind: ast.Float,
+				return p.builder.Push(Node{
+					Kind: Float,
 					Data: b[:i+3],
 				}), b[i+3:], nil
 			}
 
-			return ast.InvalidReference, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "unexpected character 'i' while scanning for a number")
+			return invalidReference, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "unexpected character 'i' while scanning for a number")
 		}
 
 		if c == 'n' {
 			if scanFollowsNan(b[i:]) {
-				return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
-					Kind: ast.Float,
+				return p.builder.Push(Node{
+					Kind: Float,
 					Data: b[:i+3],
 				}), b[i+3:], nil
 			}
 
-			return ast.InvalidReference, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "unexpected character 'n' while scanning for a number")
+			return invalidReference, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "unexpected character 'n' while scanning for a number")
 		}
 
 		break
 	}
 
 	if i == 0 {
-		return ast.InvalidReference, b, newDecodeError(b, "incomplete number")
+		return invalidReference, b, NewParserError(b, "incomplete number")
 	}
 
-	kind := ast.Integer
+	kind := Integer
 
 	if isFloat {
-		kind = ast.Float
+		kind = Float
 	}
 
-	return p.builder.Push(ast.Node{
+	return p.builder.Push(Node{
 		Kind: kind,
 		Data: b[:i],
 	}), b[i:], nil
@@ -1075,11 +1137,11 @@ func isValidBinaryRune(r byte) bool {
 
 func expect(x byte, b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if len(b) == 0 {
-		return nil, newDecodeError(b, "expected character %c but the document ended here", x)
+		return nil, NewParserError(b, "expected character %c but the document ended here", x)
 	}
 
 	if b[0] != x {
-		return nil, newDecodeError(b[0:1], "expected character %c", x)
+		return nil, NewParserError(b[0:1], "expected character %c", x)
 	}
 
 	return b[1:], nil

unstable/parser_test.go

@@ -1,143 +1,142 @@
-package toml
+package unstable
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/ast"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-//nolint:funlen
 func TestParser_AST_Numbers(t *testing.T) {
 	examples := []struct {
 		desc  string
 		input string
-		kind  ast.Kind
+		kind  Kind
 		err   bool
 	}{
 		{
 			desc:  "integer just digits",
 			input: `1234`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "integer zero",
 			input: `0`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "integer sign",
 			input: `+99`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "integer hex uppercase",
 			input: `0xDEADBEEF`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "integer hex lowercase",
 			input: `0xdead_beef`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "integer octal",
 			input: `0o01234567`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "integer binary",
 			input: `0b11010110`,
-			kind:  ast.Integer,
+			kind:  Integer,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float zero",
 			input: `0.0`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float positive zero",
 			input: `+0.0`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float negative zero",
 			input: `-0.0`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float pi",
 			input: `3.1415`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float negative",
 			input: `-0.01`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float signed exponent",
 			input: `5e+22`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float exponent lowercase",
 			input: `1e06`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float exponent uppercase",
 			input: `-2E-2`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float fractional with exponent",
 			input: `6.626e-34`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "float underscores",
 			input: `224_617.445_991_228`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "inf",
 			input: `inf`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "inf negative",
 			input: `-inf`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "inf positive",
 			input: `+inf`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "nan",
 			input: `nan`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "nan negative",
 			input: `-nan`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "nan positive",
 			input: `+nan`,
-			kind:  ast.Float,
+			kind:  Float,
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, e := range examples {
 		e := e
 		t.Run(e.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := parser{}
+			p := Parser{}
 			p.Reset([]byte(`A = ` + e.input))
 			p.NextExpression()
 			err := p.Error()
@@ -147,10 +146,10 @@ func TestParser_AST_Numbers(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				expected := astNode{
-					Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+					Kind: KeyValue,
 					Children: []astNode{
 						{Kind: e.kind, Data: []byte(e.input)},
-						{Kind: ast.Key, Data: []byte(`A`)},
+						{Kind: Key, Data: []byte(`A`)},
 					},
 				}
 				compareNode(t, expected, p.Expression())
@@ -161,13 +160,13 @@ func TestParser_AST_Numbers(t *testing.T) {
 
 type (
 	astNode struct {
-		Kind     ast.Kind
+		Kind     Kind
 		Data     []byte
 		Children []astNode
 	}
 )
 
-func compareNode(t *testing.T, e astNode, n *ast.Node) {
+func compareNode(t *testing.T, e astNode, n *Node) {
 	t.Helper()
 	require.Equal(t, e.Kind, n.Kind)
 	require.Equal(t, e.Data, n.Data)
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ func compareNode(t *testing.T, e astNode, n *ast.Node) {
 	compareIterator(t, e.Children, n.Children())
 }
 
-func compareIterator(t *testing.T, expected []astNode, actual ast.Iterator) {
+func compareIterator(t *testing.T, expected []astNode, actual Iterator) {
 	t.Helper()
 	idx := 0
 
@@ -209,14 +208,14 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 			desc:  "simple string assignment",
 			input: `A = "hello"`,
 			ast: astNode{
-				Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+				Kind: KeyValue,
 				Children: []astNode{
 					{
-						Kind: ast.String,
+						Kind: String,
 						Data: []byte(`hello`),
 					},
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Key,
+						Kind: Key,
 						Data: []byte(`A`),
 					},
 				},
@@ -226,14 +225,14 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 			desc:  "simple bool assignment",
 			input: `A = true`,
 			ast: astNode{
-				Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+				Kind: KeyValue,
 				Children: []astNode{
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Bool,
+						Kind: Bool,
 						Data: []byte(`true`),
 					},
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Key,
+						Kind: Key,
 						Data: []byte(`A`),
 					},
 				},
@@ -243,24 +242,24 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 			desc:  "array of strings",
 			input: `A = ["hello", ["world", "again"]]`,
 			ast: astNode{
-				Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+				Kind: KeyValue,
 				Children: []astNode{
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Array,
+						Kind: Array,
 						Children: []astNode{
 							{
-								Kind: ast.String,
+								Kind: String,
 								Data: []byte(`hello`),
 							},
 							{
-								Kind: ast.Array,
+								Kind: Array,
 								Children: []astNode{
 									{
-										Kind: ast.String,
+										Kind: String,
 										Data: []byte(`world`),
 									},
 									{
-										Kind: ast.String,
+										Kind: String,
 										Data: []byte(`again`),
 									},
 								},
@@ -268,7 +267,7 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					},
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Key,
+						Kind: Key,
 						Data: []byte(`A`),
 					},
 				},
@@ -278,23 +277,23 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 			desc:  "array of arrays of strings",
 			input: `A = ["hello", "world"]`,
 			ast: astNode{
-				Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+				Kind: KeyValue,
 				Children: []astNode{
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Array,
+						Kind: Array,
 						Children: []astNode{
 							{
-								Kind: ast.String,
+								Kind: String,
 								Data: []byte(`hello`),
 							},
 							{
-								Kind: ast.String,
+								Kind: String,
 								Data: []byte(`world`),
 							},
 						},
 					},
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Key,
+						Kind: Key,
 						Data: []byte(`A`),
 					},
 				},
@@ -304,29 +303,29 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 			desc:  "inline table",
 			input: `name = { first = "Tom", last = "Preston-Werner" }`,
 			ast: astNode{
-				Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+				Kind: KeyValue,
 				Children: []astNode{
 					{
-						Kind: ast.InlineTable,
+						Kind: InlineTable,
 						Children: []astNode{
 							{
-								Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+								Kind: KeyValue,
 								Children: []astNode{
-									{Kind: ast.String, Data: []byte(`Tom`)},
-									{Kind: ast.Key, Data: []byte(`first`)},
+									{Kind: String, Data: []byte(`Tom`)},
+									{Kind: Key, Data: []byte(`first`)},
 								},
 							},
 							{
-								Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+								Kind: KeyValue,
 								Children: []astNode{
-									{Kind: ast.String, Data: []byte(`Preston-Werner`)},
-									{Kind: ast.Key, Data: []byte(`last`)},
+									{Kind: String, Data: []byte(`Preston-Werner`)},
+									{Kind: Key, Data: []byte(`last`)},
 								},
 							},
 						},
 					},
 					{
-						Kind: ast.Key,
+						Kind: Key,
 						Data: []byte(`name`),
 					},
 				},
@@ -337,7 +336,7 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, e := range examples {
 		e := e
 		t.Run(e.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := parser{}
+			p := Parser{}
 			p.Reset([]byte(e.input))
 			p.NextExpression()
 			err := p.Error()
@@ -352,7 +351,7 @@ func TestParser_AST(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkParseBasicStringWithUnicode(b *testing.B) {
-	p := &parser{}
+	p := &Parser{}
 	b.Run("4", func(b *testing.B) {
 		input := []byte(`"\u1234\u5678\u9ABC\u1234\u5678\u9ABC"`)
 		b.ReportAllocs()
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ func BenchmarkParseBasicStringWithUnicode(b *testing.B) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkParseBasicStringsEasy(b *testing.B) {
-	p := &parser{}
+	p := &Parser{}
 
 	for _, size := range []int{1, 4, 8, 16, 21} {
 		b.Run(strconv.Itoa(size), func(b *testing.B) {
@@ -394,40 +393,40 @@ func TestParser_AST_DateTimes(t *testing.T) {
 	examples := []struct {
 		desc  string
 		input string
-		kind  ast.Kind
+		kind  Kind
 		err   bool
 	}{
 		{
 			desc:  "offset-date-time with delim 'T' and UTC offset",
 			input: `2021-07-21T12:08:05Z`,
-			kind:  ast.DateTime,
+			kind:  DateTime,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "offset-date-time with space delim and +8hours offset",
 			input: `2021-07-21 12:08:05+08:00`,
-			kind:  ast.DateTime,
+			kind:  DateTime,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "local-date-time with nano second",
 			input: `2021-07-21T12:08:05.666666666`,
-			kind:  ast.LocalDateTime,
+			kind:  LocalDateTime,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "local-date-time",
 			input: `2021-07-21T12:08:05`,
-			kind:  ast.LocalDateTime,
+			kind:  LocalDateTime,
 		},
 		{
 			desc:  "local-date",
 			input: `2021-07-21`,
-			kind:  ast.LocalDate,
+			kind:  LocalDate,
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, e := range examples {
 		e := e
 		t.Run(e.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := parser{}
+			p := Parser{}
 			p.Reset([]byte(`A = ` + e.input))
 			p.NextExpression()
 			err := p.Error()
@@ -437,10 +436,10 @@ func TestParser_AST_DateTimes(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				expected := astNode{
-					Kind: ast.KeyValue,
+					Kind: KeyValue,
 					Children: []astNode{
 						{Kind: e.kind, Data: []byte(e.input)},
-						{Kind: ast.Key, Data: []byte(`A`)},
+						{Kind: Key, Data: []byte(`A`)},
 					},
 				}
 				compareNode(t, expected, p.Expression())
@@ -448,3 +447,26 @@ func TestParser_AST_DateTimes(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func ExampleParser() {
+	doc := `
+	hello = "world"
+	value = 42
+	`
+	p := Parser{}
+	p.Reset([]byte(doc))
+	for p.NextExpression() {
+		e := p.Expression()
+		fmt.Printf("Expression: %s\n", e.Kind)
+		value := e.Value()
+		it := e.Key()
+		k := it.Node() // shortcut: we know there is no dotted key in the example
+		fmt.Printf("%s -> (%s) %s\n", k.Data, value.Kind, value.Data)
+	}
+
+	// Output:
+	// Expression: KeyValue
+	// hello -> (String) world
+	// Expression: KeyValue
+	// value -> (Integer) 42
+}

unstable/scanner.go

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-package toml
+package unstable
+
+import "github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2/internal/characters"
 
 func scanFollows(b []byte, pattern string) bool {
 	n := len(pattern)
@@ -54,16 +56,16 @@ func scanLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
 		case '\'':
 			return b[:i+1], b[i+1:], nil
 		case '\n', '\r':
-			return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "literal strings cannot have new lines")
+			return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "literal strings cannot have new lines")
 		}
-		size := utf8ValidNext(b[i:])
+		size := characters.Utf8ValidNext(b[i:])
 		if size == 0 {
-			return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character")
+			return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character")
 		}
 		i += size
 	}
 
-	return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], "unterminated literal string")
+	return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], "unterminated literal string")
 }
 
 func scanMultilineLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
@@ -98,39 +100,39 @@ func scanMultilineLiteralString(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
 				i++
 
 				if i < len(b) && b[i] == '\'' {
-					return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i-3:i+1], "''' not allowed in multiline literal string")
+					return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i-3:i+1], "''' not allowed in multiline literal string")
 				}
 
 				return b[:i], b[i:], nil
 			}
 		case '\r':
 			if len(b) < i+2 {
-				return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], `need a \n after \r`)
+				return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], `need a \n after \r`)
 			}
 			if b[i+1] != '\n' {
-				return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+2], `need a \n after \r`)
+				return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+2], `need a \n after \r`)
 			}
 			i += 2 // skip the \n
 			continue
 		}
-		size := utf8ValidNext(b[i:])
+		size := characters.Utf8ValidNext(b[i:])
 		if size == 0 {
-			return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character")
+			return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character")
 		}
 		i += size
 	}
 
-	return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], `multiline literal string not terminated by '''`)
+	return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], `multiline literal string not terminated by '''`)
 }
 
 func scanWindowsNewline(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
 	const lenCRLF = 2
 	if len(b) < lenCRLF {
-		return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b, "windows new line expected")
+		return nil, nil, NewParserError(b, "windows new line expected")
 	}
 
 	if b[1] != '\n' {
-		return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b, `windows new line should be \r\n`)
+		return nil, nil, NewParserError(b, `windows new line should be \r\n`)
 	}
 
 	return b[:lenCRLF], b[lenCRLF:], nil
@@ -165,11 +167,11 @@ func scanComment(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
 			if i+1 < len(b) && b[i+1] == '\n' {
 				return b[:i+1], b[i+1:], nil
 			}
-			return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character in comment")
+			return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character in comment")
 		}
-		size := utf8ValidNext(b[i:])
+		size := characters.Utf8ValidNext(b[i:])
 		if size == 0 {
-			return nil, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character in comment")
+			return nil, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "invalid character in comment")
 		}
 
 		i += size
@@ -192,17 +194,17 @@ func scanBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, bool, []byte, error) {
 		case '"':
 			return b[:i+1], escaped, b[i+1:], nil
 		case '\n', '\r':
-			return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "basic strings cannot have new lines")
+			return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "basic strings cannot have new lines")
 		case '\\':
 			if len(b) < i+2 {
-				return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+1], "need a character after \\")
+				return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+1], "need a character after \\")
 			}
 			escaped = true
 			i++ // skip the next character
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], `basic string not terminated by "`)
+	return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], `basic string not terminated by "`)
 }
 
 func scanMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, bool, []byte, error) {
@@ -243,27 +245,27 @@ func scanMultilineBasicString(b []byte) ([]byte, bool, []byte, error) {
 				i++
 
 				if i < len(b) && b[i] == '"' {
-					return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[i-3:i+1], `""" not allowed in multiline basic string`)
+					return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[i-3:i+1], `""" not allowed in multiline basic string`)
 				}
 
 				return b[:i], escaped, b[i:], nil
 			}
 		case '\\':
 			if len(b) < i+2 {
-				return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], "need a character after \\")
+				return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], "need a character after \\")
 			}
 			escaped = true
 			i++ // skip the next character
 		case '\r':
 			if len(b) < i+2 {
-				return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], `need a \n after \r`)
+				return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], `need a \n after \r`)
 			}
 			if b[i+1] != '\n' {
-				return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[i:i+2], `need a \n after \r`)
+				return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[i:i+2], `need a \n after \r`)
 			}
 			i++ // skip the \n
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil, escaped, nil, newDecodeError(b[len(b):], `multiline basic string not terminated by """`)
+	return nil, escaped, nil, NewParserError(b[len(b):], `multiline basic string not terminated by """`)
 }