Encode: add bound check for uint64 > math.Int64 (#785)

As brought up on #782, there is an asymetry between numbers go-toml can encode
and decode. Specifically, unsigned numbers larger than `math.Int64` could be
encoded but not decoded.

We considered two options: allow decoding of those numbers, or prevent those
numbers to be decoded.

Ultimately we decided to narrow the range of numbers to be encoded. The TOML
specification only requires parsers to support at least the 64 bits integer
range. Allowing larger numbers would create non-standard TOML documents, which
may not be readable (at best) by other implementations. It is a safer default to
generate documents valid by default. People who wish to deal with larger numbers
can provide a custom type implementing `encoding.TextMarshaler`.

Refs #781

marshaler.go

@@ -107,6 +107,13 @@ func (enc *Encoder) SetIndentTables(indent bool) *Encoder {
 // a newline character or a single quote. In that case they are emitted as
 // quoted strings.
 //
+// Unsigned integers larger than math.MaxInt64 cannot be encoded. Doing so
+// results in an error. This rule exists because the TOML specification only
+// requires parsers to support at least the 64 bits integer range. Allowing
+// larger numbers would create non-standard TOML documents, which may not be
+// readable (at best) by other implementations. To encode such numbers, a
+// solution is a custom type that implements encoding.TextMarshaler.
+//
 // When encoding structs, fields are encoded in order of definition, with their
 // exact name.
 //
@@ -303,7 +310,11 @@ func (enc *Encoder) encode(b []byte, ctx encoderCtx, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, e
 			b = append(b, "false"...)
 		}
 	case reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint:
-		b = strconv.AppendUint(b, v.Uint(), 10)
+		x := v.Uint()
+		if x > uint64(math.MaxInt64) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("toml: not encoding uint (%d) greater than max int64 (%d)", x, math.MaxInt64)
+		}
+		b = strconv.AppendUint(b, x, 10)
 	case reflect.Int64, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int:
 		b = strconv.AppendInt(b, v.Int(), 10)
 	default:

marshaler_test.go

@@ -1102,6 +1102,19 @@ func TestLocalTime(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, expected, string(out))
 }
 
+func TestMarshalUint64Overflow(t *testing.T) {
+	// The TOML spec only requires implementation to provide support for the
+	// int64 range. To avoid generating TOML documents that would not be
+	// supported by standard-compliant parsers, uint64 > max int64 cannot be
+	// marshaled.
+	x := map[string]interface{}{
+		"foo": uint64(math.MaxInt64) + 1,
+	}
+
+	_, err := toml.Marshal(x)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
 func ExampleMarshal() {
 	type MyConfig struct {
 		Version int